Effect of fixed versus weight-adjusted dose of oral glucose on plasma glucose, insulin and FFA responses: Implications for the design of postprandial studies

Wolever, Thomas M. S.; Bentum-Williams, Anita

doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80481-6

Cited by 3 publications

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References 19 publications

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“…In the literature, significant differences in plasma FFA responses after test meals of various composition have been difficult to detect and have been relatively small when seen (21)(22)(23). There may be several reasons for this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Modulation of Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentrations by Diet: Metabolic implications in nondiabetic subjects

1995

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In nondiabetic subjects, the type and amount of carbohydrate eaten at breakfast influences the plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA responses to breakfast and also affects the glucose, insulin, and FFA responses to a subsequent standard lunch. The glycemic responses after lunch were closely related to the plasma FFA concentration 4 h after breakfast, which we speculate is due to the inhibitory effect of FFAs on insulin action.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Modulation of Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentrations by Diet: Metabolic implications in nondiabetic subjects

1995

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“…Slowing and prolonging the rate of absorption elicits postprandial responses characterized by smaller rises and slower falls of blood glucose and insulin, prolonged suppression of free fatty acids (FFA) and a reduced glycaemic response after a subsequent meal (Jenkins et al, 1982(Jenkins et al, , 1990Wolever et al, 1995;Liljeberg et al, 1999), the so-called second-meal effect. Reducing the amount of available carbohydrate consumed (and hence absorbed) is associated with more rapid rebound of FFA (Christensen et al, 1972;Wolever and Bentum-Williams, 1994) and a greater glycaemic response after a subsequent meal . However, the effect of replacing some available carbohydrate with unavailable carbohydrate is unclear because the unabsorbed carbohydrates may increase colonic fermentation with the production of hydrogen (H 2 ) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which some (Brighenti et al, 2006), but not all (Vogt et al, 2004) studies suggest may reduce postprandial FFA and elicit a second-meal effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sucromalt on postprandial responses in human subjects

2007

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Backgroud/Objective: To compare postprandial responses elicited by sucromalt, a nutritive sweetener produced by treating a blend of sucrose and corn syrup with an enzyme from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with those after 42% of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and to see if the reduced responses after sucromalt could be accounted for by carbohydrate malabsorption. Subject and Methods: Three experiments were performed in separate groups of normal subjects studied after overnight fasts using double-blind, randomized, cross-over designs. HFCS was used as the control because it contained a similar amount of fructose as sucromalt. Experiment 1 (n ¼ 10): plasma glucose and insulin were measured after 50 g sucromalt and 50 g HFCS. Experiment 2 (n ¼ 10): metabolic profiles were measured after 80 g HFCS, 80 g sucromalt or 56 g fructose/glucose blend plus 24 g inulin. Experiment 3 (n ¼ 20): the glycaemic indices of sucromalt and HFCS were determined. Results: Mean glucose and insulin responses after sucromalt were 66 and 62%, respectively, of those after HFCS (Po0.05). The inulin treatment, used to mimic the effects of carbohydrate malabsorption, elicited higher breath hydrogen (H 2 ), lower glucose and insulin responses, and a significantly earlier rise in serum free fatty acids (FFA) than those of HFCS (all Po0.05). Sucromalt elicited no rise in breath H 2 , and delayed falls in glucose and insulin, and a delayed rebound of FFA compared to HFCS (all Po0.05). Conclusions:The reduced glucose and insulin responses elicited by sucromalt are not explained by malabsorption and are more likely related to differences in either rate of digestion and absorption or postabsorptive handling by body.

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Carbohydrate and the Regulation of Blood Glucose and Metabolism

Wolever

2003

Nutrition Reviews

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114

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Classifying the glycemic responses of carbohydrate foods using the glycemic index (GI) requires standardized methodology for valid results. Dietary carbohydrates influence metabolism by at least four mechanisms: nature of the monosaccharides absorbed, amount of carbohydrate consumed, rate of absorption, and colonic fermentation. Reducing glycemic responses by reducing carbohydrate intake increases postprandial serum free-fatty acids (FFA) and does not improve overall glycemic control in diabetic subjects. By contrast, low-GI diets reduce serum FFA and improve glycemic control. Thus, current evidence supports FAO/WHO recommendations to maintain a high-carbohydrate diet and choose low-GI starchy foods.

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Effect of fixed versus weight-adjusted dose of oral glucose on plasma glucose, insulin and FFA responses: Implications for the design of postprandial studies

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Physiological Modulation of Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentrations by Diet: Metabolic implications in nondiabetic subjects

Physiological Modulation of Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentrations by Diet: Metabolic implications in nondiabetic subjects

Effects of sucromalt on postprandial responses in human subjects

Carbohydrate and the Regulation of Blood Glucose and Metabolism

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