Effect of fishmeal replacement by soy protein concentrate with taurine supplementation on growth performance, hematological and biochemical status, and liver histology of totoaba juveniles (Totoaba macdonaldi)

Abstract

The effect of dietary inclusion of soy protein concentrate (SPC) and simultaneous supplementation with taurine on the growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, and liver histology of totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) juveniles was assessed. Four isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated containing either 30 or 60% of SPC (diets S30 and S60), supplemented or not with 1% of taurine (diets S30T and S60T). A fishmeal-based diet formulated for totoaba nutritional requirements, without SPC and taurine supplementation, was used as a reference diet. Triplicate groups of 32 totoaba juveniles (average body weight 7.5 ± 0.6 g) were fed these diets for 45 days. Results showed that growth performance in fish fed S30, S30T, and S60T was similar to fish fed the reference diet. Red blood cells and hematocrit in fish fed with supplemented taurine in both levels of SPC (S30T and S60T) were similar to the fish fed the RD; the addition of taurine improved the state of hydration of totoaba. Plasmatic hemoglobin in fish fed the lower SPC level was similar to fish fed the RD. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in fish fed S30T was similar to fish fed the RD, taurine supplementation prevented the development of hypochromic anemia in this group of fish. Plasmatic albumin in fish fed S30 was similar to fish fed the RD. Plasmatic total protein and globulin concentration increased and AL:GLB (albumin:globulin ratio) decreased in fish fed the SPC-based diets despite taurine supplementation. The protein profile showed that taurine supplementation did not prevent a possible inflammatory process (increased globulins, decreased AL:GLB) in juvenile totoaba fed both levels of SPC. Glucose concentration was similar in fish fed S30, S30T, and S60T. The histological hepatic index was highest in fish fed S60. These results suggest that with an appropriate nutritional level, taurine may play an important modulatory role in the hematology and blood biochemistry status in totoaba fed SPC-based diets, contributing to the enhancement of an overall healthy growth performance.

Investigation of biomarkers of early taurine deficiency in Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

“…The histopathological changes observed in the liver in response to a taurine-deficient diet have also been observed in totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), including the vacuolation (presumed to be resulting from lipid and/or glycogen accumulation) and displacement of the nucleus to the cell periphery (Lopez et al, 2015). Accumulation of glycogen vacuoles in the liver was previously observed in fish fed high amounts of crystal amino acids which could not be entirely utilized toward protein synthesis and were metabolized by gluconeogenesis and stored in the liver as glycogen (Dabrowski and Guderley, 2002;Ostaszewska et al, 2008;Walton et al, 1982).…”

Effect of dietary taurine and methionine supplementation on growth performance, body composition, taurine retention and lipid status of Persian sturgeon,Acipenser persicus(Borodin, 1897), fed with plant-based diet

“…For example, López et al. () observed that Totoaba macdonaldi fed on plant‐based diet has elevated blood glucose but taurine supplementation decreased blood glucose elevation. In P. olivaceus , Han et al.…”

“…However, soybean meal is deficient in methionine and particularly taurine, two sulphur‐containing amino acids. Generally, soybean‐based fish feeds are supplemented with methionine, to support optimum fish growth (Boonyoung, Haga, & Satoh, ; Espe, Hevrøy, Liaset, Lemme, & El‐Mowafi, ; Mambrini, Roem, Carvedi, Lalles, & Kaushik, ), but taurine supplementation to plant‐based feeds gained attention recently (Gaylord, Teague, & Barrows, ; Jirsa, Davis, Salze, Rhodes, & Drawbridge, ; Johnson et al., ; López, Flores‐Ibarra, Bañuelos‐Vargas, Galaviz, & True, ; Lunger, McLean, Gaylord, Kuhn, & Craig, ; Takagi et al., ; Wu, Han, Qin, & Wang, ). Taurine (2‐aminoethanesulphonic acid) is an amino acid, which does not participate in protein structure and is generated as final product of sulphur‐containing amino acids metabolism (Salze & Davis, ).…”

“…This effect has been extensively observed in mammals (Nakaya et al., ; Nandhini, Thirunavukkarasu, & Anuradha, ). In fish, although scarcely studied, some authors have found that taurine had also a glycolytic effect and the subsequent reduction in blood glucose (Han et al., ; López et al., ; Salze, Spangler, Cobine, Rhodes, & Davis, ; Watson, Barrows, & Place, ).…”

Assessment of dietary taurine essentiality on the physiological state of juvenileTotoaba macdonaldi

“…Totoaba was placed on the endangered list of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and, in 1979, was included in the US Endangered Species list (Barrera‐Guevara, ). Protocols on reproduction, larval development and juvenile nutrition were developed as dedicated research was conducted, highlighting the high potential of commercial totoaba aquaculture (Galaviz et al., ; López, Flores‐Ibarra, Bañuelos‐Vargas, Galaviz & True, ; Trejo‐Escamilla, Galaviz, Flores‐Ibarra, Álvarez González & López, ; True, Loera & Castro, ). In a previous study of totoaba, green liver was detected when fish were fed a commercial diet with soybean meal (SBM) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) without taurine supplementation (López et al., ).…”