Effect of Filler Types on Cellulose-Acetate-Based Composite Used as Coatings for Biodegradable Magnesium Implants for Trauma

Abstract

Magnesium alloys are considered one of the most promising materials for biodegradable trauma implants because they promote bone healing and exhibit adequate mechanical strength during their biodegradation in relation to the bone healing process. Surface modification of biodegradable magnesium alloys is an important research field that is analyzed in many publications as the biodegradation due to the corrosion process and the interface with human tissue is improved. The aim of the current preliminary study is to develop a polymeric-based composite coating on biodegradable magnesium alloys by the solvent evaporation method to reduce the biodegradation rate much more than in the case of simple polymeric coatings by involving some bioactive filler in the form of particles consisting of hydroxyapatite and magnesium. Various techniques such as SEM coupled with EDS, FTIR, and RAMAN spectroscopy, and contact angle were used for the structural and morphological characterization of the coatings. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the effect of filler particles on polymer thermostability. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed on MG-63 cells (human osteosarcomas). The experimental analysis highlights the positive effect of magnesium and hydroxyapatite particles as filler for cellulose acetate when they are used alone from biocompatibility and surface analysis points of view, and it is not recommended to use both types of particles (hydroxyapatite and magnesium) as hybrid filling. In future studies focused on implantation testing, we will use only CA-based composite coatings with one filler on magnesium alloys because these composite coatings have shown better results from the in vitro testing point of view for future potential orthopedic biodegradable implants for trauma.

Multifunctional Coatings on Mg‐Based Metallic Biomaterials and Implants

“…One study demonstrated that CA-based composite coatings containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Mg particles enhanced the corrosion resistance and hydrophilic characteristics of Mg-based implants. [90,91] The most important things to consider in these polymeric coatings are their chemical and biological compatibility with the host tissue and nontoxicity. There are numerous techniques to fabricate high-throughput polymeric coatings, such as Reproduced with permission from.…”

“…One study demonstrated that CA‐based composite coatings containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Mg particles enhanced the corrosion resistance and hydrophilic characteristics of Mg‐based implants. [ 90,91 ]…”

Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose—Physical Properties

“…Here are some examples of cellulose-based scaffold materials: Cellulose-acetate-based composite: This composite is used as a coating for biodegradable magnesium implants. The composite includes fillers such as hydroxyapatite and magnesium particles, which have shown positive effects on biocompatibility and surface analysis [ 24 ]. Cellulose-based materials crosslinked with epichlorohydrin: These materials have improved thermal stability, surface area, and swelling degree of hydrogels, making them suitable for implant applications [ 25 ].…”

“…Cellulose-acetate-based composite: This composite is used as a coating for biodegradable magnesium implants. The composite includes fillers such as hydroxyapatite and magnesium particles, which have shown positive effects on biocompatibility and surface analysis [ 24 ].…”

Advancements in Hybrid Cellulose-Based Films: Innovations and Applications in 2D Nano-Delivery Systems

“…This status is conditional on sustainable practices, such as replanting trees to replace those harvested for cellulose production-ensuring CO 2 neutrality as these new plantings mature. Cellulose is available in a wide variety of fibers globally, which contributes to the sustainability and potential environmental friendliness of cellulose-based materials [121,122].…”