Effect of Filler Surface Activity and Morphology on Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of NBR/Graphene Nanocomposites

Möwes, Markus; Fleck, Frank; Klüppel, Manfred

doi:10.5254/rct.13.87930

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As the surface is, in most cases, not homogeneous, it is important to obtain information regarding the energetic heterogeneity. Therefore, the following integral equation can be used (25,26):…”

Section: Evaluation Of Surface Energy Distribution From Static Gas Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Filler Interphase Dynamics and Reinforcement of Elastomer Nanocomposites

2014

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The effect of polymer-filler interaction on interphase dynamics between filler particles in elastomer nanocomposites and the mechanisms of rubber reinforcement by carbon black (CB) are investigated with different techniques. To determine how polymer-filler interface influences the properties of the system, CB black was modified with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AMIC) and mixed with different, more or less, polar elastomers. For typical diene-elastomers (EPDM, SBR), this modification leads to a decreased polymer-filler coupling strength due to the coverage of active sites at the CB surface by AMIC. This is demonstrated by evaluating the energy site distribution from static gas adsorption isotherms with the polymer analogues gas 1-Butene. However, an improvement of polymer filler coupling was determined in the case of saturated, polar rubbers (HNBR) due to attractive dipolar interactions between the polar units of the polymer and the strongly adsorbed IL at the CB surface. The different couplings affect the polymer-filler interphase dynamics between filler particles, which determines the properties of the filler network and filler-filler bonds. To describe the effect of CB surface modification quantitatively, the Dynamic Flocculation Model (DFM) has been used to calculate polymer-and filler-specific material parameters from cyclic stress-strain measurements. The fitted data deliver a coherent picture of filler-filler-and polymer-filler couplings showing a characteristic dependence on rubber polarity. A confirmation of the effect of surface modification on the strength of filler-filler bonds is obtained by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bond rupture under tension. They also provide indications for a glassy-like behavior of strongly confined polymer layers between attractive walls.

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Section: Evaluation Of Surface Energy Distribution From Static Gas Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Filler Interphase Dynamics and Reinforcement of Elastomer Nanocomposites

2014

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“…For more than a century, traditional fillers such as carbon black are used as reinforcing agents for elastomeric matrix . Over the last few years, nanofillers are employed to improve reinforcing and dynamic mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites . “Nanofillers” means the fillers whose particles have at least one dimension below 100 nm and that can be individually dispersed into the rubber matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Nanofillers” means the fillers whose particles have at least one dimension below 100 nm and that can be individually dispersed into the rubber matrix. The polymer nanocomposites with use of nanofillers such as clay minerals, carbon nanotubes, layered silicate, nanographite, and graphene show improved reinforcing, and thermal and electrical properties. However, major hurdles for efficient use of nanofillers are to achieve uniform dispersion as individual primary particles, enhancing polymer–filler interaction, their optimization, and efficient filler networking …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites based on epoxidized poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) rubber and graphene nanoplatelets

Kumar

Schneider

Rose

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanofillers play as reinforcing agents of the polymer matrix. The reinforcement and dynamic mechanical properties of nanocomposites based on filled epoxidized‐poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) rubber are investigated. The modification of the polymer matrix allows improvement in polymer–filler interaction, and thus the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. Here, the rubber was modified by introducing the epoxy functional groups in the matrix. The quantification for epoxidation rate was analyzed by means of NMR and ~8.8% epoxidation was optimized. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt‐mixing technique. The influence of rubber epoxidation in enhancing dynamic mechanical and thermal properties was demonstrated. Stable filler networking using exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xg C750) and carbon black (CB‐N234) in epoxidized rubber is described through multihysteresis measurements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47802.

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“…Recently, nanofillers were used in place of carbon black to reinforce polymer matrices and as conducting films in the flexible electronics industry . These nanofillers include graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) . CNTs are a one‐dimensional carbon nanofiller characterized with sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms and exhibit very good mechanical, thermal and electrical properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive films of sonicated multiwall carbon nanotubes on stretchable substrates

Kumar

Zhen

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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Conductive films were prepared on stretchable substrates by mixing sonicated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with room‐temperature‐vulcanized silicone rubber. Microscopic investigations show a broad range of MWCNT particles with diameters in the range 15–17 nm, lengths from a few nanometers to a few micrometers, and thus a high aspect ratio of 55–70. The sonicated MWCNTs have 40 wrapped graphene layers and an out‐of‐plane correlation length of 13 nm. Also, the grain size of the dispersed sonicated MWCNTs is around 35 nm, and the roughness is around 13.5 nm. At 3 phr, the modulus is higher for the MWCNTs (5.95 MPa). The electrical resistance of the MWCNTs is as low as 180 Ω at 3 phr. These improvements were introduced in an actuator and energy harvester for industrial applications. The actuator shows a displacement of 2.18 mm at 10 kV. At 60% strain, the energy harvesting is 1.07 V during compressive strain and 0.015 V during tensile strain. From durability tests under 30% compressive strain, the voltage drops from the energy harvesting device are negligible for up to 3000 cycles. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Effect of Filler Surface Activity and Morphology on Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of NBR/Graphene Nanocomposites

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Polymer-Filler Interphase Dynamics and Reinforcement of Elastomer Nanocomposites

Polymer-Filler Interphase Dynamics and Reinforcement of Elastomer Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on epoxidized poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) rubber and graphene nanoplatelets

Conductive films of sonicated multiwall carbon nanotubes on stretchable substrates

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