Effect of fiber on the rheological property of fracturing fluid

Guo, Jianchun; Ma, Junjun; Zhao, Zhihong; Gao, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2015.02.017

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…14 Nevertheless, drilling fluids containing fibers with concentrations higher than 0.09% experience changes in rheological properties; the addition of 0.4% fiber into hydroxypropyl guar gel showed an increase in fluid viscosity by 3 orders of magnitude. 10 With the increase in fiber concentration, the consistency index "K" increased and fluid-behavior index "n" decreased, indicating a more rigorous shear thinning behavior of the fibrous fluid. 15 An experimental investigation conducted on spherical glass bead particles revealed that the addition of a small amount (0.02−0.04%) of fiber to a 0.35% xanthan gum suspension reduced the particle settling velocity by approximately 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibers are used in water-based drilling and completion formulations; they are utilized in various applications such as well-fracturing and hole-cleaning operations. − Cutting transport (hole cleaning) depends on various parameters, including the viscosity and density of the drilling fluid, flow rate, wellbore geometry, inclination angle, annular velocity, and cutting shape, size, and weight. These parameters control the hole cleanout efficiency, affecting the drilling operational cost and time .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters control the hole cleanout efficiency, affecting the drilling operational cost and time . Numerous studies ,− have shown the effectiveness of fibrous drilling sweeps in horizontal and highly deviated wells. The addition of a small amount (concentrations less than 0.06 wt %) of flexible monofilament fiber into drilling fluids has minimal effect on their rheological properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Response Surface Methodology and Box–Behnken Design for the Optimization of the Stability of Fibrous Dispersion Used in Drilling and Completion Operations

et al. 2021

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Fibers are extensively used as a fluid additive in the oil and gas industry to improve hole-cleaning performance, control fluid filtration loss, and enhance hydraulic fracturing effectiveness. Generally, a small amount of fiber is dispersed in the base fluid to achieve the desired results without increasing the viscosity of the base fluid. Nevertheless, sustaining a uniform fiber dispersion can be challenging under wellbore conditions, which is essential for fibers’ functionality. Consequently, a better understanding of fiber suspension or stability in base fluids is necessary for their efficient utilization in drilling and completion operations. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and box–behnken design (BBD) are used to investigate the stability of fiber in polymeric base suspensions, including carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylamide (PAM), and xanthan gum (XG). The BBD of three factors was selected to observe the influence of polymer concentration, fiber concentration, and temperature on fibrous suspension stability, with three levels of design factors (low, mid, and high) and two fiber aspect ratios (3 and 12 mm fibers). The base fluid polymer concentration ranged from 1 to 8 vol %, fiber concentration ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 wt %, and the temperature was varied from 25 to 80 °C. The stability measurements were analyzed using Minitab, subsequently, evaluating the factors’ impact and interactions and determining the optimum conditions for the stability of the fibrous suspensions. The results predicted by the developed model were in good agreement with the experimental results R 2 ≥ 0.91–0.99. The sensitivity analysis showed that base fluid polymer concentration is the most significant factor affecting fibrous suspension stability. At high polymer concentrations, fiber concentration and temperature effects are minimal, while the temperature effect on the stability was observed at low concentrations (e.g., low suspension viscosities). The fiber aspect ratio indirectly affects system stability. Long fibers have a better tendency to entangle and form a structured network, which in turn hinders the buoyancy that induces individual fiber migration. On the contrary, short fibers do not form a network, allowing them to easily migrate to the surface and agglomerate at the top layer (unstable region). Optimization results revealed that suspensions with viscosities above 50 mPa·s are sufficient to maintain the stability of the suspensions at ambient (25 °C) and elevated (80 °C) temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Response Surface Methodology and Box–Behnken Design for the Optimization of the Stability of Fibrous Dispersion Used in Drilling and Completion Operations

et al. 2021

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“…However, it was still much lower than the borate cross-linked fracturing fluid under the same condition. Guo et al (2015b) showed that the apparent viscosity of fiber-assisted hydroxypropyl guar fracturing fluid was affected by shear rate, fiber concentration, and temperature. Engels et al (2004) and similarly Bulova et al (2006) found that a small addition of fiber had no significant effect on the rheological properties of cross-linked fracturing fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fiber on the rheological properties of gelled acid

Gou

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Degradable fiber is widely used to assist gelled acid diversion and reduce acid leak-off in the acid stimulation of carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs in Sichuan Basin of China. The rheological properties of an acid system will affect the geometry of the acid-etching fracture. However, the effect of fiber on the rheological properties of gelled acid is not yet clear. This paper investigates the rheological properties of gelled acid with various fiber concentrations at different temperatures. The results show that when the temperature is less than the degradable temperature of the fiber, the apparent viscosity of gelled acid rises gradually with an increase in fiber concentration, while the fiber has no significant effect on the viscosity of gelled acid at the degradable temperature. The dissolution process of fiber in gelled acid experiences none-dissolution, surface dissolution, dissolution and fining, and a complete dissolution stage from low to high temperatures, which all have different effects on gelled acid viscosity. The fiber links more gelling agent molecules of gelled acid together to form a quasi-network structure between the fiber and fiber and the fiber and polymer, which results in a rise in the viscosity of gelled acid. The acid system also shows a strong shear thinning property under different temperatures and fiber concentrations. However, the power-law index n of this acid system always maintains a steady average value of about 0.181, while the change pattern of consistency index K is similar to the change in viscosity with varying fiber concentrations and temperatures. The research results are useful for acid fracturing treatment design in carbonate reservoir.

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“…Thus, floc formation depends on the aspect ratio and flexibility of the fibers and the solid content of the fluid‐fiber suspension (Herzhaft et al, ). Furthermore, experimental observations have shown that floc formation is enhanced for fibers suspended in polymeric solutions, such as guar‐water mixtures (Guo et al, ) resulting in reduced settling velocities for single particles in suspensions of dispersed fibers (Elgaddafi et al, ; Guo et al, ; Rajabian et al, ). The formation of these fiber flocs appears to be a promising mechanism to reinforce proppant packs (Potapenko et al, ; Willberg et al, ); however, further studies on the interactions of sand‐fiber mixtures are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settling and Mobilization of Sand‐Fiber Proppants in a Deformable Fracture

Medina

Detwiler

Prioul

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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We investigated the response of a sand-fiber proppant suspension (17.7% 40/70 mesh sand and 0.4% polymeric fibers) flowing and settling inside a transparent deformable 15 ×15-cm fracture subjected to an increasing applied normal stress, n . We quantified the solid distribution within the fracture and the evolution of the solid volume fraction, , as n increased. The sand-fiber suspension formed a highly heterogeneous proppant pack with sand-fiber clumps surrounded by relatively solids-free regions, which was significantly different from the uniform solid distribution observed in settling experiments without fibers. As n increased from 0 to 88.5 kPa, the fracture aperture decreased by up to 85% and caused the sand-fiber clumps to act like pillars that supported the applied stress and prevented full fracture closure. At the end of the settling experiments, we simulated flowback by injecting solids-free carrier fluid while maintaining n = 88.5 kPa. Subsequent flow of solids-free fluid caused the mobilization of some solids but left the supporting pillars intact. We used a numerical model to simulate flow through the porous proppant pack and open regions of the fracture and found a correlation between and the shear rate,̇, at locations of mobilized solids, which suggested a mobilization threshold: < mob anḋ>̇m ob . Additional simulations carried out in different heterogeneous proppant distributions showed that solid mobilization leads to the formation of highly conductive channels that significantly increase fracture permeability. Our results suggest that adding fibers to conventional sand proppants can lead to heterogeneous proppant distributions and increased fracture permeability.Recent studies have proposed adding polymeric fibers to proppant suspensions in an effort to improve the efficiency of delivering proppant to fractures (Bulova et al.

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Effect of fiber on the rheological property of fracturing fluid

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Application of Response Surface Methodology and Box–Behnken Design for the Optimization of the Stability of Fibrous Dispersion Used in Drilling and Completion Operations

Application of Response Surface Methodology and Box–Behnken Design for the Optimization of the Stability of Fibrous Dispersion Used in Drilling and Completion Operations

Effect of fiber on the rheological properties of gelled acid

Settling and Mobilization of Sand‐Fiber Proppants in a Deformable Fracture

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