Effect of fenitrothion on the foraging behavior of juvenile atlantic salmon

Morgan, M. J.; Kiceniuk, J. W.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620090412

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The rosettes are in direct contact with the surrounding environment and are thus vulnerable to dissolved contaminants; hence, chemicals that interfere with odorant detection and signal processing can impair olfactory-mediated behaviors crucial for survival. Metals such as cadmium are relevant in this regard as extremely low waterborne concentrations can inhibit olfactory-driven behaviors (Beauvais et al, 2000; Beauvais et al, 2001; Cripe et al, 1984; Little et al, 1990; Morgan and Kiceniuk, 1990; Scholz et al, 2000; Scott et al, 2003). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cadmium on glutathione S-transferase and metallothionein gene expression in coho salmon liver, gill and olfactory tissues

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a multifunctional family of phase II enzymes that detoxify a variety of environmental chemicals, reactive intermediates, and secondary products of oxidative damage. GST mRNA expression and catalytic activity have been used as biomarkers of exposure to environmental chemicals. However, factors such as species differences in induction, partial analyses of multiple GST isoforms, and lack of understanding of fish GST gene regulation, have confounded the use of GST as markers of pollutant exposure. In the present study, we examined the effect of exposure to cadmium (Cd), a prototypical environmental contaminant and inducer of mammalian GST, on GST mRNA expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) liver, gill, and olfactory tissues. GST expression data were compared to those for metallothionein (MT), a prototypical biomarker of metal exposure. Data mining of genomic databases led to the development of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays for salmon GST isoforms encompassing 9 subfamilies, including alpha, mu, pi, theta, omega, kappa, rho, zeta and microsomal GST. In vivo acute (8-48 hr) exposures to low (3.7 ppb) and high (347 ppb) levels of Cd relevant to environmental scenarios elicited a variety of transient, albeit minor changes (<2.5-fold) in tissue GST profiles, including some reductions in GST mRNA expression. In general, olfactory GSTs were the earliest to respond to cadmium, whereas, more pronounced effects in olfactory and gill GST expression were observed at 48 hr relative to earlier time points. Although evaluation of GSTs reflected a cadmium-associated oxidative stress response, there was no clear GST isoform in any tissue that could serve as a reliable biomarker of acute cadmium exposure. By contrast, metallothionein (MT) mRNA was consistently and markedly induced in all three tissues by cadmium, and among the tissues examined, olfactory MT was the most sensitive marker of cadmium exposures. In summary, coho salmon exhibit a complex GST tissue profile consisting of at least 9 isoforms, all of which are present in the peripheral olfactory system. Short-term exposure to environmental levels of Cd causes transient changes in salmon GST consistent with oxidative stress, and in some cases, includes a loss of GST. In a biomarker context, however, monitoring of tissue MT mRNA expression, especially in the peripheral olfactory system, may be of greater utility for assessing short-term environmental exposures to cadmium.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cadmium on glutathione S-transferase and metallothionein gene expression in coho salmon liver, gill and olfactory tissues

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fenitrothion is an OP that has been shown to decrease another aspect of feeding: foraging behavior [31]. Researchers found that attack sequences, frequency of ingestion, and reaction distance of juvenile Atlantic salmon were all decreased as compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could result in a decreased growth if the exposure and/or effects were long lasting [31]. This could result in a decreased growth if the exposure and/or effects were long lasting [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and behavioral effects of diazinon exposure in hybrid striped bass

Gaworecki

Roberts

Ellis

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of environmental stimuli on biochemical processes may influence behavior. Environmental contaminants that alter behavior can have major impacts on populations as well as community structures by changing species' interactions. One important behavior is the ability to capture prey. We hypothesized that sublethal exposure to diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, may lead to feeding behavior abnormalities in hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) through inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. This can potentially reduce the organism's survival by affecting its ability to find and capture food. To test this hypothesis, bass were exposed to diazinon for 6 d, followed by a 6-d recovery period in clean water. Brain AChE activity and the ability of bass to capture prey fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were measured every third day. Exposed fish exhibited a concentration- and duration-dependent decrease in ability to capture prey. While bass in all diazinon treatment groups had significantly inhibited brain AChE activity, only the medium and high treatment groups showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in time to capture prey. Acetylcholinesterase activity also decreased in an exposure duration- and concentration-dependent manner. The AChE levels in exposed fish did not recover to control levels during the 6-d recovery period. These results suggest that sublethal exposure to AChE-inhibiting substances may decrease the ecological fitness of hybrid striped bass by reducing their ability to capture prey.

show abstract

“…Both classes inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme required for the proper functioning of cholinergic synapses in vertebrate and invertebrates. Sublethal exposures of AChE-inhibiting insecticides can cause juvenile salmon to feed less [3], [4] and swim irregularly [5]–[7]. These effects may persist for only a few hours after an exposure if the insecticide is a carbamate [8], yet it may take many weeks to months for a fish to resume normal feeding after exposure to an organophosphate [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modeled Comparison of Direct and Food Web-Mediated Impacts of Common Pesticides on Pacific Salmon

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the western United States, pesticides used in agricultural and urban areas are often detected in streams and rivers that support threatened and endangered Pacific salmon. Although concentrations are rarely high enough to cause direct salmon mortality, they can reach levels sufficient to impair juvenile feeding behavior and limit macroinvertebrate prey abundance. This raises the possibility of direct adverse effects on juvenile salmon health in tandem with indirect effects on salmon growth as a consequence of reduced prey abundance. We modeled the growth of ocean-type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the individual and population scales, investigating insecticides that differ in how long they impair salmon feeding behavior and in how toxic they are to salmon compared to macroinvertebrates. The relative importance of these direct vs. indirect effects depends both on how quickly salmon can recover and on the relative toxicity of an insecticide to salmon and their prey. Model simulations indicate that when exposed to a long-acting organophosphate insecticide that is highly toxic to salmon and invertebrates (e.g., chlorpyrifos), the long-lasting effect on salmon feeding behavior drives the reduction in salmon population growth with reductions in prey abundance having little additional impact. When exposed to short-acting carbamate insecticides at concentrations that salmon recover from quickly but are lethal to invertebrates (e.g., carbaryl), the impacts on salmon populations are due primarily to reductions in their prey. For pesticides like carbaryl, prey sensitivity and how quickly the prey community can recover are particularly important in determining the magnitude of impact on their predators. In considering both indirect and direct effects, we develop a better understanding of potential impacts of a chemical stressor on an endangered species and identify data gaps (e.g., prey recovery rates) that contribute uncertainty to these assessments.

show abstract

Effect of fenitrothion on the foraging behavior of juvenile atlantic salmon

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of cadmium on glutathione S-transferase and metallothionein gene expression in coho salmon liver, gill and olfactory tissues

Effect of cadmium on glutathione S-transferase and metallothionein gene expression in coho salmon liver, gill and olfactory tissues

Biochemical and behavioral effects of diazinon exposure in hybrid striped bass

A Modeled Comparison of Direct and Food Web-Mediated Impacts of Common Pesticides on Pacific Salmon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About