Effect of Feeding Whole Crop Barley Silage- or Whole Crop Rye Silage based-TMR and Duration of TMR Feeding on Growth, Feed Cost and Meat Characteristics of Hanwoo Steers

Abstract

Feeding trial was conducted with 80 Hanwoo steers (7.5 months of age, 204.4 kg body weight) for 680 days from growing period to late fattening period to examine the feeding value of whole crop barley silage TMR (BS-TMR) and whole crop rye silage TMR (RS-TMR) on body gain, feed cost, slaughter characteristics and quality characteristics of longissimus dorsi muscle. Dietary treatments were conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw (control), feeding BS TMR up to middle fattening period and same diet as for control during late fattening period (BS-TMR I), feeding BS-TMR for whole experimental period (BS-TMR II), feeding RS TMR up to middle fattening period and same diet as for control during late fattening period (RS-TMR I) and RS TMR for whole experimental period (RS-TMR II). Sixteen castrated calves were assigned to each treatment (4 pens, 4 heads per pen). Pens in each treatment were randomly distributed. Feeding both BS silage TMR and RS silage TMR slightly increased body gain of Hanwoo steers at the stages of growing and early fattening, and increased (P<0.0001) at middle fattening compared to feeding control diet while control diet tended to increase body gain at late fattening stage compared to feeding BS-TMR I, BS-TMR II and RS-TMR I diets. Total body gain was slightly increased in Hanwoo steers fed both I and II for BS and RS TMR compared to that in control diet. Feed cost per kg gain per head was relatively low in the Hanwoo steers fed silage TMRs to that fed control diet. Carcass weight, back fat thickness and longissimus dorsi area of Hanwoo steers tended to increase but lowered (P<0.047) yield index by feeding silage TMRs. Feeding BS TMR slightly decreased marbling score but no difference was found in the number of head over grade 1 between diets. Control diet tended to improve yield grade compared to silage TMRs. Chemical composition, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss and pH, color and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi were not affected by experimental diets and feeding duration of silage TMRs. Shear force, however, was increased (P<0.046) by silage TMRs without difference between them compared to control diet. Based on the results of the current study, BS TMR and RS TMR could improve body gain and reduce feed cost without deteriorating meat quality compared to separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw. Overall feeding value was similar between BS TMR and RS TMR.

Feeding strategies with total mixed ration and concentrate may improve feed intake and carcass quality of Hanwoo steers

“…Thus, daily weight gain was not different across the different treatment groups. These results are in accordance with reports by Jin et al [ 15 ] and Chang et al [ 16 ], wherein there was a difference in feed intake between TMR-based feeding and SCF during the growing period; however, there was no significant difference in body weight gain. Kim et al [ 17 ] argued that compared with SCF feeding, feeding TMR or TMR with fermented feed during the growing period increased daily weight gain, as nutrient use efficiency was improved with fermentation in the rumen.…”

“…Cho et al [ 8 ] observed lower carcass weight after TMR feeding for 10 months during the late fattening period than that of the SCF group. In contrast, Jin et al [ 15 ] reported that feeding barley silage-based- or rye silage-based-TMR from the growing to late fattening period resulted in higher carcass weight than the SCF group. Our results are in accordance with the findings of Cho et al [ 8 ].…”

Effect of Total Digestible Nutrients Level of Concentrates on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Composition of Korean Hanwoo Steers

“…In addition, the late fattening period is the stage where the meat quality is completed; thus, setting the TDN level of concentrate during this period is more effective than setting it during the growing and early fattening periods (Kim, 2015). Increasing the TDN level in concentrate influences the increase in DM degradability and energy availability (Ki, 2009), increases the DMI (Chung et al, 2015), and improves ADG (Jin et al, 2012). However, in the present study, there was no improvement in ADG and FCR with increasing TDN levels in concentrate, and it was found to be most effective at the quantities in the T2.…”

Ruminal microbial responses in fermentation characteristics and dry matter degradability to TDN level of total mixed ration

“…Barley or ryegrass TMR was not differ in meat quality and meat yield of Hanwoo steers compared with Hanwoo steers fed concentrate diet (Jin et al, 2012). To increase TDN in TMR, It must be added fat source as a supplemented energy.…”

“…Jin et al (2012) reported that it is possible to use late fattening period of Hanwoo steer with TMR.…”