Effect of fecal matter co-digestion with kitchen waste on Hermetia illucens’ larval weight and protein content

Matheka, Rosemary M.; Raude, James M.; Murunga, Sylvia I.; Riungu, Joy; Wandera, Simon M.

doi:10.2166/washdev.2021.077

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has become increasingly popular to apply growth models for the analysis of growth and development of BSF larvae in recent years. Growth of BSF larvae have been described by sigmoidal Gompertz models [ 15 , 16 ] and logistic Richards and Verhulst models [ 17 ]. The logistic models have been found to describe growth of BSF larvae (in terms of increasing body width) most accurately and used to evaluate the quality of different substrates [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling of feed assimilation, growth, lipid accumulation, and CO2 production in black soldier fly larvae

Eriksen

2022

PLoS ONE

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The black soldier fly (BSF) is becoming a novel farm animal. BSF larvae can be reared on different substrates. Their performance is important but highly variable and different models have been employed to analyze their growth, so far without considering that metabolic rates, growth, and biochemical composition of the larvae are interrelated. This work develops a dynamic model, which describes general growth patterns of BSF larvae and predicts observed variability in larval performances. The model was tested against data from literature, which combines kinetic growth data with measurements of lipid or dry weight content, and CO2 production. The model combines the kinetics of the logistic model with principles from differential energy budget models and considers key events in larval life history, moulting and metamorphosis. Larvae are compartmentised into structural biomass, storage lipids, and a pool of assimilates. Feed assimilation is considered the overall rate limiting process and is reduced in relation to larval weight by a logistic function. A second logistic function further reduces the specific growth rate of structural biomass, causes imbalance between and feed assimilation and growth rates, and leaves a surplus of assimilates to be stored as lipids. Fluxes between compartments consider cost of synthesis of structural biomass and lipids, as well as maintenance. When assimilation falls below maintenance needs, storage lipids are recycled. The model is able to describe growth and lipid contents of BSF larvae reared on chicken feed, growth of feed limited BSF larvae, as well as growth, dry weight content, and CO2 production of BSF larvae reared on different substrate qualities and moisture contents. The model may be used for the analysis of growth and performance of BSF larvae under variable rearing conditions. It can deepen the analyses of experimental data and provide insight into the causes of variability of larval performances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling of feed assimilation, growth, lipid accumulation, and CO2 production in black soldier fly larvae

Eriksen

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…The metabolic flows and processes depend on the size and age of the larvae, and metabolic models combining kinetics and stoichiometry can provide theoretical frameworks for measurements of the larvae. Verhulst’s logistic equation and other sigmoidal functions closely resemble measured growth curves of BSF larvae when reared on different feeds and under different conditions ( Pamintuan et al, 2019 ; Sripontan et al, 2020 ; Bekker et al, 2021 ; Laganaro et al, 2021 ; Matheka et al, 2021 ; Knudsen et al, 2022 ; Hansen et al, 2023 ). The increase in larval weight is close to exponential during the first half of their lifespan, meaning that their weight specific growth rate is almost constant and close to maximal.…”

Section: Kinetic Growth and Metabolic Performance Modelsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Metabolic performance and feed efficiency of black soldier fly larvae

Eriksen

2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is used in entomoremediation processes because its larvae can use a variety of organic residues with high efficiency. However, feed efficiencies are variable and characterized by uncertainties. Recently developed growth and metabolic performance models have predicted across different studies that BSF larvae have used 53%–58% of the feed components they have assimilated, in terms of carbon equivalents, for growth throughout their lifetime when reared on chicken feed. This is termed their average net growth efficiency. The remainder of the carbon has been lost as CO2. However, mass balances made under similar conditions show that the weight gained by BSF larvae corresponds to only 14%–48% of the feed substrates removed, indicating substrate conversion efficiency. Both performance indicators show even greater variability if more feed substrates are considered. Feed assimilation and growth rates, costs of growth, maintenance, and larval lifespan have been shown to affect how efficiently BSF larvae convert feed into growth. The differences between average net growth efficiencies and substrate conversion efficiencies further indicate that feed is often not used optimally in entomoremediation processes and that the overall yield of such processes is not determined by larval performance alone but is the result of processes and interactions between larvae, substrates, microbes, and their physical environment. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how quantification of the metabolic performance of BSF larvae can help improve our understanding of the role of the larvae in entomoremediation processes.

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“…Also, from a different research finding, BSF fed on market waste and chicken feed weighed about 0.20 g and 0.25 g on the 15 th day of the experiment, respectively (Diener et al, 2011). The type of feed used also influences the insect's weight gain (Matheka et al, 2021). For instance, BSF reared using cow dung and spent grain attained different body masses at the same temperature level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature variation on yield and quality of field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) and black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens)

Korir,

Ronoh,

Ondimu

et al. 2024

jagst

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Insect rearing provides an affordable alternative source of animal nutrition for most small-scale farmers. However, current rearing technology with uncontrolled environmental conditions suppresses insect yields, leading to low adoption of insect production. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of temperature variation, using an adaptive control structure, on the yield of field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) and black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Temperature values of 25°C, 27°C, and 30°C constant relative humidity of 50%, and constant air speed of 3 m/s were adopted for the study. Throughout the study, weighing of the insect wet yield was done on a daily basis for larvae and after three days for cricket pinheads. Black soldier fly larvae and adult crickets were harvested at the ages of two weeks and six weeks, respectively, and oven dried at 105°C for 24 hours for subsequent analysis of proteins. Results indicated that black soldier fly larvae reared at 25°C, 27°C, and 30°C had a maximum mean wet yield of 0.216 ± 0.022 g, 0.234 ± 0.019 g, and 0.248 ± 0.016 g, respectively, at the age of two weeks. Similarly, crickets reared at 25°C, 27°C, and 30°C had a mean yield of 0.807 ± 0.167 g, 0.933 ± 0.102 g, and 1.306 ± 0.254 g at the age of six weeks. Dried cricket reared at 25°C, 27°C, and 30°C had 25.566 ± 0.012%, 46.811 ± 0.647%, and 58.216 ± 1.510% protein, respectively. Contrary to this, black soldier flies reared at 25°C, 27°C, and 30°C yielded 42.655 ± 1.732%, 47.121 ± 0.015%, and 62.536 ± 0.014%, respectively. Larval yield recorded significant different yields (f = 4.935, p = 0.03), whereas crickets failed to record significant different yields (f = 0.777, p = 0.388) under different temperature levels. A higher temperature regime yielded higher body mass and protein turnover. The findings of this study boost the future prospects of insects as food and feed for enhancing food and nutrition security.

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Effect of fecal matter co-digestion with kitchen waste on Hermetia illucens’ larval weight and protein content

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamic modelling of feed assimilation, growth, lipid accumulation, and CO2 production in black soldier fly larvae

Dynamic modelling of feed assimilation, growth, lipid accumulation, and CO2 production in black soldier fly larvae

Metabolic performance and feed efficiency of black soldier fly larvae

Effects of temperature variation on yield and quality of field crickets (<i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>) and black soldier flies (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>)

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