Effect of Fast and Slow Pranayama Practice on Cognitive Functions in Healthy Volunteers

Sharma, Vivek; Rajajeyakumar, M; Velkumary, S; Subramanian, Senthil Kumar; Bhavanani, Ananda Balayogi; Madanmohan,; Sahai, Ajit; Thangavel, Dinesh

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/7256.3668

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Wei et al (2013) reported thicker cortex in Taichi chuan practitioners compared to control group: medial occipitotemporal sulcus, superior temporal gyrus and lingual sulcus in left hemisphere and the circular sulcus of the insula, precentral gyrus and middle frontal sulcus in right hemisphere. Furthermore, Gard et al (2014) showed that meditation may reduce cognitive decline associated with normal aging, and Sharma et al (2014) observed greater enhancement in cognitive domains such as memory retention and attention in yoga practitioners relative to controls. Gothe et al (2014) found that yoga practitioners had greater WM capacity compared with a control group that did stretching and strengthening exercises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater Cortical Thickness in Elderly Female Yoga Practitioners—A Cross-Sectional Study

Afonso¹,

Balardin²,

Lazar³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Yoga, a mind-body activity that requires attentional engagement, has been associated with positive changes in brain structure and function, especially in areas related to awareness, attention, executive functions and memory. Normal aging, on the other hand, has also been associated with structural and functional brain changes, but these generally involve decreased cognitive functions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare brain cortical thickness (CT) in elderly yoga practitioners and a group of age-matched healthy non-practitioners. We tested 21 older women who had practiced hatha yoga for at least 8 years and 21 women naive to yoga, meditation or any mind-body interventions who were matched to the first group in age, years of formal education and physical activity level. A T1-weighted MPRAGE sequence was acquired for each participant. Yoga practitioners showed significantly greater CT in a left prefrontal lobe cluster, which included portions of the lateral middle frontal gyrus, anterior superior frontal gyrus and dorsal superior frontal gyrus. We found greater CT in the left prefrontal cortex of healthy elderly women who trained yoga for a minimum of 8 years compared with women in the control group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater Cortical Thickness in Elderly Female Yoga Practitioners—A Cross-Sectional Study

Afonso¹,

Balardin²,

Lazar³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Further, regulation of the speed-accuracy tradeoff within the three components of executive control might be the unifying mechanism through which yoga training is influential. Studies examining the effect of mindfulness-related practice on cognitive task performance report either speed (RT) or accuracy, but not both, as in the case with working memory tasks (e.g., Jella and Shannahoff-Khalsa, 1993;Jyothsna and Rao, 2014;Sharma et al, 2014;Johnson et al, 2015;Jansen et al, 2017;Purohit and Pradhan, 2017;Crivelli et al, 2018), planning and cognitive flexibility (e.g., Levine et al, 2011;Kiani et al, 2016), and inhibitory control (e.g., Lakey et al, 2007;Semple, 2010;Alfonso et al, 2011;Moore et al, 2012;Kiani et al, 2016;Wimmer et al, 2016). Results suggest that analyzing speedaccuracy tradeoff might be useful in exploring the unifying mechanism by which yoga and other mindfulness practices might enhance executive control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, attention toward slowing paced movements improves postural control (Wu, 2002), and slow-paced breathing has the most evident cognitive benefits (Pal and Madanmohan, 2004;Jerath et al, 2006). However, some have found that both slow-and fast-paced breathing enhances cognitive control (Sharma et al, 2014). Slow movements during standing yoga postures require maintaining postural control against gravity; postural control failures pose a risk of losing body balance and falling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Executive Control: Attention to Balance, Breath, and the Speed Versus Accuracy Tradeoff

Singh

Mutreja

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Malleability of executive control and its enhancement through yoga training is unclear. In Study 1, participants (yoga group; n = 27, mean = 23.27 years) were tested on executive control tasks pre-and post-8 weeks of yoga training. The training focused on attention to postural control during yoga asanas and respiratory control during pranayamabreathing (30 min each of postural and breath control training, biweekly). Yoga training was assessed via performance ratings as to how well a posture was executed and by examining errors that reflected inattention/failures in postural and breath control. We also explored whether attentional demands on motor and respiratory control were associated with three components of executive control (working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition) during nine executive control tasks. Partial correlation results revealed that the three components of executive control might be differentially impacted by postural and breath control and selectively associated with either speed or accuracy (except for cognitive flexibility). Attentional demands influenced the link between postural, breath, and cognitive control. In Study 2, comparisons between a yoga group and a gendermatched control group (control group; n = 27, mean = 23.33 years) pointed toward higher working memory accuracy and a better speed-accuracy tradeoff in inhibitory control in the yoga group. A ceiling-practice effect was addressed by examining yoga practice learning (i.e., practice-induced change in postural and breath control reflected in ratings and errors) on executive control performance across two sets of tasks: repeatedly tested (pre-and post-8 weeks) and non-repeatedly tested (post-8 weeks). Attention to motor and respiratory control during yoga might be considered as a potential mechanism through which specific components of executive control in young adults might be enhanced potentially via altering of speed-accuracy tradeoff.

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“…Schranz & Osterode, 2009 [143]retest effects451042.131.141 2,29, 3.43Determination TestActioncomplex−0.52−1.02−1.29 1.141 2,29, 3.43Determination TestReactioncomplex−0.56−0.91−1.1033. Sharma et al, 2013 [144]intervention: passive CG46281912.00auditory reaction time test complex0.01 12.00Letter Cancellation Test complex−0.10 12.00Trail Making Test Apart Acomplex−0.17 …”

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Time Reduction Due to Retesting in Mental Speed Tests: A Meta-Analysis

2018

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As retest effects in cognitive ability tests have been investigated by various primary and meta-analytic studies, most studies from this area focus on score gains as a result of retesting. To the best of our knowledge, no meta-analytic study has been reported that provides sizable estimates of response time (RT) reductions due to retesting. This multilevel meta-analysis focuses on mental speed tasks, for which outcome measures often consist of RTs. The size of RT reduction due to retesting in mental speed tasks for up to four test administrations was analyzed based on 36 studies including 49 samples and 212 outcomes for a total sample size of 21,810. Significant RT reductions were found, which increased with the number of test administrations, without reaching a plateau. Larger RT reductions were observed in more complex mental speed tasks compared to simple ones, whereas age and test-retest interval mostly did not moderate the size of the effect. Although a high heterogeneity of effects exists, retest effects were shown to occur for mental speed tasks regarding RT outcomes and should thus be more thoroughly accounted for in applied and research settings.

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Effect of Fast and Slow Pranayama Practice on Cognitive Functions in Healthy Volunteers

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Greater Cortical Thickness in Elderly Female Yoga Practitioners—A Cross-Sectional Study

Greater Cortical Thickness in Elderly Female Yoga Practitioners—A Cross-Sectional Study

Enhancing Executive Control: Attention to Balance, Breath, and the Speed Versus Accuracy Tradeoff

Response Time Reduction Due to Retesting in Mental Speed Tests: A Meta-Analysis

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