Effect of Family History of Diabetes on Hemoglobin A1c Levels among Individuals with and without Diabetes: The Dong-gu Study

Lee, Young‐Hoon; Shin, Min Ho; Nam, Hae-Sung; Park, Kyeong Soo; Choi, Seong Woo; Ryu, So Yeon; Kweon, Sun-Seog

doi:10.3349/ymj.2018.59.1.92

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Our results also showed plasma HbA 1C and fructosamine levels to be significantly higher in non-diabetic FDRs; which are in agreement with several studies [ 14 , 15 , 75 ]. The significant aspect of this increase was that it occurred within normal ranges of glucose concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of triglycerides and waist circumference on insulin resistance and β-cell function in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2021

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Background Although there is abundant evidence indicating the relative contribution of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell dysfunction (HOMA-β) among first-degree relatives (FDRs) of Type 2 DM patients, few studies reported the association between HOMA-IR and HOMA-β with metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome factors on HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and glycoproteins in non-diabetic FDRs. Methods In this study, 103 Yemeni male subjects aged 25–42 years, with BMI < 25 kg/m2 were examined, 39 of whom were normal subjects with no family history of diabetes served as control and 64 subjects were non-diabetic FDRs of Type 2 DM patients. Results Both glycoproteins, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine as well as insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were significantly (p = 4.9 × 10−9; 6.0 × 10−8; 6.6 × 10−12; 1.3 × 10−7; 5.5 × 10−12, respectively) higher in non-diabetic FDRs as compared to control group. Fasting plasma glucose, though within normal range, were significantly (p = 0.026) higher in non-diabetic FDRs. Linear regression analysis showed that both TG and WC are the main metabolic syndrome factors that significantly increased HOMA-IR (B = 0.334, p = 1.97 × 10−6; B = 0.024, p = 1.05 × 10−5), HOMA-β (B = 16.8, p = 6.8 × 10−5; B = 0.95, p = 0.004), insulin (B = 16.5, p = 1.2 × 10−6; B = 1.19, p = 8.3 × 10−6) and HbA1c (B = 0.001, p = 0.034; B = 0.007, p = 0.037). Conclusion Triglyceride and WC are the important metabolic syndrome factors associated with insulin resistance, basal β-cell function and insulin levels in non-diabetic FDR men of Type 2 DM patients. Moreover, FDRs showed insulin resistance with compensatory β-cell function (hyperinsulinaemia) suggesting that insulin resistance precede the development of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in individuals at risk of Type 2 DM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of triglycerides and waist circumference on insulin resistance and β-cell function in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, binary logistic regression was used to determine the odds of a participant with ID having an HbA1c ≥ 5.5% to <6.5% or ≥6.5% with HbA1c < 5.5% as reference, compared with participants without ID. We further adjusted for the covariates FPG and family history of T2D because these variables have been shown to influence HbA1c ( 4 , 32 ). Data were expressed as ORs and their corresponding 95% CIs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Association between Iron Deficiency and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Ghanaian Adults—the RODAM Study

Lyons

Linden

Meeks

et al. 2020

The Journal of Nutrition

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ABSTRACT Background Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is often used to diagnose type 2 diabetes (T2D), but studies show that iron deficiency (ID) is associated with elevated HbA1c in the absence of hyperglycemia. It is unknown whether ID prevalence varies between sub-Saharan African populations living in different locations and whether ID influences HbA1c levels in these populations. Objectives We assessed the prevalence of ID among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and nonmigrant Ghanaians, and the influence of ID on HbA1c categories among Ghanaians without T2D. Methods We used the database from the cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants) study. This contained data on 3377 Ghanaian men and women aged 25–70 y living in urban and rural Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in Amsterdam, London, and Berlin. ID was defined as ferritin < 15 ng/mL or, if C-reactive protein was ≥5 mg/mL, as ferritin < 30 ng/mL according to the WHO. We used binary logistic regression to assess differences in ID between sites and its association with clinically defined HbA1c categories (<5.5%, ≥5.5% to <6.5%, ≥6.5%). Men and women were analyzed separately. Results The prevalence of ID was higher in migrant [28.4%; adjusted OR (aOR): 3.08; 95% CI: 2.04, 4.65)] and urban (23.2%; aOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.56, 3.59) women than in rural women (11.9%). Among women, ID was associated with higher odds of HbA1c ≥ 5.5% to <6.5% in the absence of hyperglycemia (aOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.87). This association was not found in men. Conclusions Further research is needed to identify factors underlying the high prevalence of ID among urban and migrant Ghanaian women, and the association of ID with HbA1c ≥ 5.5% to <6.5% in women. In addition, our study reinforces the need to consider iron concentrations if interpreting HbA1c among African populations.

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“…Studies regarding which family member offered greater risk when having a positive FHD have identified maternal FHD as being more significant than a paternal FHD in various studies. 1,[5][6][7][8] Erasmus et al found that there was a significant maternal aggregation with 64.7% of patients having a diabetic mother compared with 27% who had a diabetic father (p < 0.01). 1 However, those with a combined maternal and paternal FHD are seen to have a greater risk where the combined risk equals the sum when either parent is affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Estimates predict that by 2045 there will be approximately 47 million PLWD in Africa alone. 4 Numerous international studies have highlighted associations between a positive FHD and poorer glycaemic control, [5][6][7][8][9] with variations occurring among patients from different demographic backgrounds. 10 Not all studies, however, have made this conclusion, with a Saudi Arabian study concluding that a FHD plays no significant role in glycaemic control in T2DM patients (p < 0.39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycaemic control and family history of diabetes mellitus: is it all in the genes?

Chetty

Pillay

2021

Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Afri

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a familial condition with a strong genetic component. International studies have highlighted associations between a positive family history of diabetes (FHD) and poorer glycaemic control. No current data are available on this association within the context of HIV. Objectives: To determine a relationship between FHD and glycaemic control in patients living with DM (PLWD) in an HIV endemic area. Methods: Standardised clinic sheets were used from the DM clinic at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Statistical analysis was done. Results: This study had 957 patients living with diabetes (PLWD); 498 (52.2%) had a positive FHD while 456 (47.8%) had no FHD. There were 146 (15.3%) HIV-infected patients; with 84 (57.5%) on a fixed dose combination (FDC) of anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Patients aged between 18 and 30 with a maternal FHD had significantly higher mean HbA1c levels than those without a maternal FHD (HbA1c: 10.80% vs. 9.72%, p = 0.025). Patients living with type 1 DM (PLWT1DM) in the HIV-uninfected cohort had significantly higher HbA1c levels than patients living with type 2 DM (PLWT2DM) (10.38% vs. 9.46%, p = 0.002). HIV-infected PLWD (PLWDH) on a FDC with a positive FHD had significantly higher HbA1c levels than those without a FHD (9.52% vs. 8.52%, p = 0.04). PLWDH with a positive maternal FHD on an FDC had increased HbA1c levels (9.81% vs. 8.55%, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Genes significantly affect glycaemic control among PLWD. PLWT1DM and PLWDH with a positive FHD (especially a maternal FHD) should be regarded as being in a higher risk category requiring more intensive lifestyle and therapeutic intervention to achieve optimal diabetes control. Our study suggests that a positive FHD affects glycaemia in PLWT1DM as significantly, if not more, than in PLWT2DM and recommends screening for a FHD to be incorporated in the comprehensive management of DM.

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Effect of Family History of Diabetes on Hemoglobin A1c Levels among Individuals with and without Diabetes: The Dong-gu Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of triglycerides and waist circumference on insulin resistance and β-cell function in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes

Impact of triglycerides and waist circumference on insulin resistance and β-cell function in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes

Inverse Association between Iron Deficiency and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Ghanaian Adults—the RODAM Study

Glycaemic control and family history of diabetes mellitus: is it all in the genes?

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