Effect of Family Caregiving on Depression in the First 3 Months After Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of family caregiving on depression in the first 3 months after spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsA retrospective study was carried out on 76 patients diagnosed with an SCI from January 2013 to December 2016 at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Kyungpook National University Hospital, Korea. Clinical characteristics including age, gender, level of injury, completeness of the injury, time since injury, caregiver information, etiology, and functional data were collected through a retrospective review of medical records. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Patients with 14 or more points were classified as depressed and those with scores of 13 or less as non-depressed group.ResultsOf the 76 patients, 33 were in the depressed group with an average BDI of 21.27±6.17 and 43 patients included in the non-depressed group with an average BDI of 4.56±4.20. The BDI score of patients cared by unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) was significantly higher than that of patients cared by their families (p=0.020). Univariate regression analysis showed that motor complete injury (p=0.027), UAP caregiving (p=0.022), and Ambulatory Motor Index (p=0.019) were associated with depression after SCI. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that motor completeness (p=0.002) and UAP caregiving (p=0.002) were independent risk factors.ConclusionCompared with UAP, family caregivers lowered the prevalence of depression in the first 3 months after SCI.

Comparison Between Comprehensive Nursing Care Ward and Private Care Ward on Functional Recovery in Stroke Patients

“…Meanwhile, no difference was observed in the rehabilitation facilities where motor function rehabilitation was mainly performed. According to previous studies, CNCWs do not provide emotional support to patients [ 15 ]. However, given that patients’ recovery of motor function at the time of discharge can be reduced by affective problems [ 16 17 ], and that family mediated exercise activities help patients achieve functional recovery [ 18 ], CNCWs can be regarded as important facilities.…”

“…In this study, the results were considered to be ceiling effects with lower recovery because of the high initial K-MMSE and low NIHSS scores in the CNCW group, which is consistent with previous studies [ 18 ]. In addition, cognitive function recovery can be negatively affected by affective problems [ 20 ] caused by a lack of emotional support, which is a disadvantage of the aforementioned integrated nursing and caregiving service ward [ 15 ]. The incidence of falls in the CNCW group was higher than that in the general ward group, which is consistent with the report by Son et al [ 21 ], who analyzed falls in patients in a CNCW for 4 years.…”

Identification of Mood and Body Mass Index as Modifiable Factors for Health Improvement in Spinal Cord Injury

“…Hence, the outcome measures for this study were affect (assessed through PANAS) and BMI. Some of the possible confounders for our study could be that caregiver support 48 and socioeconomic status 49 of the individual could have potentially affected mood. The potential effect modifiers for our study were the injury-related characteristics: level of injury (high or low), 49 mode of injury (traumatic or nontraumatic), 50 severity of injury, 51 and chronicity of the injury.…”

Aging With Disability: Populations, Programs, and the New Paradigm An Introduction to the Special Issue

“…Thus, one unintended consequence of this unofficial delineation appears to be the creation of unspoken lists of conditions that “belong” to each research network. For example, aging researchers study caregiving in Alzheimer’s disease (Ashida, Marcum, & Koehly, 2018; Wang et al, 2018), whereas disability researchers study caregiving in SCI (Kang et al, 2018; Smith, Boucher, Miller, & Team, 2016). The research on self-efficacy and MS is mostly held in rehabilitation and neurology journals (Calandri, Graziano, Borghi, & Bonino, 2019; Casey et al, 2018; Kalina et al, 2018), but the research on self-efficacy and osteoarthritis is mostly held in aging and rheumatology journals (Jackson, Xu, & Jia, 2019; Rejeski, Miller, Foy, Messier, & Rapp, 2001).…”