Effect of extraction type on the fatty acids profile and physicochemical properties of biolipids from Astrocaryum vulgare pulp: supercritical CO₂ versus n‐hexane extractions

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two, conventional and green, extraction techniques on the nutritional, bioactive and physicochemical properties of oils from Astrocaryum vulgare pulp. It is an Amazonian oilseed named tucumã, known by their oily nature and bioactive properties. n-Hexane (N-HE) and supercritical CO 2 (SFE-CO 2 ) were used as extraction solvents. Higher oil yield, 39.63%, was achieved using N-HE then SFE-CO 2 , 36.75%. The SFE-CO 2 oil presented low acidity and peroxide content, 0.9 mg KOHg −1 and 1.1 mEq kg −1 , while the N-HE presented 3.25 mg KOH g −1 and 2.4 mEq kg −1 , respectively (P < 0.05). The SFE-CO 2 oil exhibited greater content of linoleic (~42.3%) and oleic acids (~32.6%) (P < 0.05) and higher β-carotenes, up to 1100 μg 100 g −1 , while the N-HE oil had ~877 μg 100 g −1 . SFE-CO 2 had positive effect on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of A. vulgare pulp oil, which was statistically confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Practical applications The application of green techniques based on supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction to obtain biolipids from A. vulgare pulp with greater nutritional quality contributes to its potential utilisation as a functional ingredient in foods.

Lipids from the purple and white açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart) varieties: nutritional, functional, and physicochemical properties

“…In this study, the TAGs with an equivalent carbon number of 54 (42.1%) predominated followed by the TAGs with an equivalent carbon number of 52 (41.8%) in PAO, while the TAGs with an equivalent carbon number of 52 (67.7%) were the main compounds, followed by the TAGS with 54 carbon number (30.7%). This shows that the PAO is predominantly composed of long-chain TAGs, which can contribute to reducing the risk of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases linked to higher proportions of plasma cholesterol ( 35 ).…”

“…The FTIR is an analytical technique used for the identification of some functional chemical groups of substances by their spectral bands and helps the evaluation of oxidation conditions, which can detect degradation and adulteration in vegetable oils ( 35 , 37 ). The FTIR spectra of PAO and WAO are shown in Figure 1 .…”

“…The spectral patterns showed the presence of high-intensity bands related to triglyceride functional groups, approximately 3,005 cm −1 related to stretching vibration of (=C–H ( cis )), at 2924 cm −1 to asymmetric stretching of (C–H) and 2,854 cm −1 linked to symmetric stretching vibrations of (–C–H (CH 2 )) ( 25 , 35 , 37 ). C18:2 fatty acids exhibit high frequency in these last band regions, which could be due to the presence of linolenic acyl and oleic acyl groups in both oils ( 38 ).…”

Molecular, Crystalline, and Microstructures of Lipids from Astrocaryum Species in Guyana and Their Thermal and Flow Behavior

“…The NIST, Lipid Maps ® , MetaboQuest and XCMS online databases were used for identification of the components based on ion mass. The components were further assigned into structural isomers using data mined from the published literature [25,26]. The relative intensities for each class of TAGs, DAGs and MAGs were calculated by dividing the individual molecule intensities by the sum of intensities.…”

“…Notably, the pulp oils are highly unsaturated, including ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 fatty acids [21,24], whereas the kernel oils are highly saturated fats [23,25]. At room temperature, AVP and AAP oils are liquid, with melting points (T m ) of −5 • C and 3 • C, respectively, whereas AVK and AAK oils are solid at room temperature, with Tm = 30 • C. AVP oil comprises up to 72% unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), with the predominance of oleic acid (C18:1), reported as constituting between 63 and 75% of the total fatty acids [26,27]. Palmitic acid (C16:0) is the dominant saturated fatty acid (SFA) found in AVP oil, making up 23-26% of the total.…”