Effect of extracorporeal low‐energy shock wave on diabetic gastroparesis in a rat model

Abstract

Low-energy shock wave can increase gastric contraction and emptying by activating axonal regeneration and increasing myenteric plexus, but not related with motility peptides.

Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Kidney Function in Diabetic Nephropathy

“…The blood glucose level was examined 2 days after the STZ injection using a Contour glucose meter (Freestyle, Abbott Laboratories, Alameda, CA) via tail puncture. Animals exhibiting blood glucose levels more than 300 mg/dl were considered type 1 diabetic [20, 21]; otherwise, they were excluded from our study. Blood glucose in animals was maintained at 350 mg/dl by treatment with insulin (0.4 unit/rat, insulin glargine (rDNA origin) injection, Lantus®) [19, 20] maintained 12 weeks to establish the DN rat models successfully [23, 24].…”

“…Using the ultrasound (Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan), the ultrasonic gel was applied to the abdomen after shaving their hair. Based on our previous study [21], the shock wave applicator (EvoTron R05, High Medical Technologies, Switzerland) with the probe was placed on the abdomen wall (kidneys) and a total of 200 shocks were delivered at an energy flow density of 0.13 mJ/mm 2 at a frequency of 200 pulse per min [21]. The rats received ESWT treatment one time a week for 6 weeks (Supplemental Figure 1) [21, 25].…”

“…Thirty rats were randomized to the normal control group, the DN group, and the DN with ESWT group. Six weeks after STZ induction, low-energy ESWT was delivered weekly for 6 consecutive weeks (Figure 1(a)) [21, 25]. Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured weekly.…”

Domination of Gastric Complications Among Diabetic Patients

“…Traditional therapy for delayed gastric emptying has focused on supportive treatment, and there is no significant effective therapy. Low-energy shock wave can increase gastric contraction and emptying by activating axonal regeneration and increasing myenteric plexus, but not related with motility peptides [3,[36][37][38] . Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) (Enterra, Medtronics, Inc.) was approved by FDA in 2000 as a Humanitarian Use Device for patients with refractory diabetic or idiopathic GP [39][40][41] .…”

“…Up to 50% of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and suboptimal glycemic control have delayed GE, which can be documented with scintigraphy, 13 C-breath tests, or a wireless motility capsule; the remainder have normal or rapid GE [1][2][3] . Also, it has been determined that 29% of patients with GP had diabetes mellitus [4] , 13% developed symptoms after gastric surgery and 36% were idiopathic.…”