Effect of external reflectors on longitudinal modes of distributed feedback lasers

Streifer, W.; Burnham, R. D.; Scifres, D. R.

doi:10.1109/jqe.1975.1068581

Cited by 232 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For a given device with a corrugation only on one side of the active material, like our DFB laser fabricated through nanograting transfer, the decrease in threshold fluence with increased pump spot size can be explained via coupled-wave theory [23][24][25][26]. For a tooth-shaped onedimensional grating one obtains the coupled-wave equations…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pump spot size dependent lasing threshold in organic semiconductor DFB lasers fabricated via nanograting transfer

Liu¹,

Klinkhammer²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Optically excited organic semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) lasers enable efficient lasing in the visible spectrum. Here, we report on the rapid and parallel fabrication of DFB lasers via transferring a nanograting structure from a flexible mold onto an unstructured film of the organic gain material. This geometrically well-defined structure allows for a systematic investigation of the laser threshold behavior. The laser thresholds for these devices show a strong dependence on the pump spot diameter. This experimental finding is in good qualitative agreement with calculations based on coupled-wave theory. With further investigations on various DFB laser geometries prepared by different routes and based on different organic gain materials, we found that these findings are quite general. This is important for the comparison of threshold values of various devices characterized under different excitation areas. Weimann, J. Wang, and P. Hinze, "Laser threshold reduction in an all-spiro guest-host system," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(10), 1659-1661 (2004). 14. X. Liu, S. Klinkhammer, K. Sudau, N. Mechau, C. Vannahme, J. Kaschke, T. Mappes, M. Wegener, and U.Lemmer, "Ink-jet-printed organic semiconductor distributed feedback laser," Appl. Phys. Express 5(7), 072101

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pump spot size dependent lasing threshold in organic semiconductor DFB lasers fabricated via nanograting transfer

Liu¹,

Klinkhammer²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…Taking into account the end mirror reflections in a real device, we will show that the relative position of the end facets can make a large difference in the intensity profile along the length of the cavity. Here, we build upon work by Streifer et al [13] who treated the case of a finite-length grating with end reflectors outside the region where the grating exists. They allowed the relative position of the end reflectors with respect to the grating to vary.…”

Section: A Intensity Profile and Power Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the work of Streifer et al [13], we consider coupled-wave solutions of the electric field along the grating. The grating couples right-and left-traveling waves and where are constants to be determined and obeys the eigenvalue equation Also, satisfies the dispersion relation Here, and are the reflectivities of the left and right mirrors, respectively, including both the amplitude and phase of the reflection.…”

Section: A Intensity Profile and Power Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

Lee

Belkin

Pflügl

et al. 2009

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

100

110

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Abstract-DFB quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) arrays operating between 8.7 and 9.4 m are investigated for their performance characteristics-single-mode selection of the DFB grating, and variability in threshold, slope efficiency, and output power of different lasers in the array. Single-mode selection refers to the ability to choose a desired mode/frequency of laser emission with a DFB grating. We apply a theoretical framework developed for general DFB gratings to analyze DFB-QCL arrays. We calculate how the performance characteristics of DFB-QCLs are affected by the coupling strength of the grating, and the relative position of the mirror facets at the ends of the laser cavity with respect to the grating. We discuss how single-mode selection can be improved by design. Several DFB-QCL arrays are fabricated and their performance examined. We achieve desired improvements in single-mode selection, and we observe the predicted variability in the threshold, slope efficiency, and output power of the DFB-QCLs. As a demonstration of potential applications, the DFB-QCL arrays are used to perform infrared absorption spectroscopy with fluids.Index Terms-DFB lasers, infrared spectroscopy, mid-infrared, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), semiconductor lasers.

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“…The variation in slope efficiency is likely due to the random variation in the position of the end mirror facets relative to the laser ridge gratings. As shown in [11], the variation in the position of the laser facet alters the distribution of light intensity within the laser cavity, which results in a variation in the amount of light emitted from a facet. This effect for arrays of DFB-QCLs is discussed in detail in [7].…”

Section: Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Distributed-Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser Array Operating From 8.0 to 9.8 $\mu$m

Lee

Zhang

Pflügl

et al. 2009

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Abstract-An ultra-broadband distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser array was fabricated, using a heterogeneous cascade based on two bound-to-continuum designs centered at 8.4 and 9.6 m. This array emitted in a range over 220 cm 1 near a 9-m wavelength, operated in pulsed mode at room temperature. The output power of the array varied between 100-and 1100-mW peak intensity.Index Terms-Distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers, infrared spectroscopy, mid-infrared, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), semiconductor lasers.

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Effect of external reflectors on longitudinal modes of distributed feedback lasers

Cited by 232 publications

References 3 publications

Pump spot size dependent lasing threshold in organic semiconductor DFB lasers fabricated via nanograting transfer

Pump spot size dependent lasing threshold in organic semiconductor DFB lasers fabricated via nanograting transfer

DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

Broadband Distributed-Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser Array Operating From 8.0 to 9.8 $\mu$m

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