Effect of extended colostrum feeding on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration in newborn calves

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis via the stimulation of insulin secretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extended colostrum feeding on plasma concentration of GLP-1. Holstein bull calves (n = 27) were fed pooled colostrum at 7.5% of birth body weight at 2 h after birth and then fed mature milk (M), a 50:50 mixture of pooled colostrum and milk (CM), or pooled colostrum (C; n = 9 for each treatment) at 5% of birth body weight at 12 h after birth and every 12 h thereafter until 72 h after birth. Blood samples were obtained before (1 and 2 h after birth) and after (until 72 h after birth; 42 time points) the first colostrum feeding, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA of JMP 13 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction as fixed effects. Treatment × time interaction was observed for plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, which were mainly the result of lower concentrations from 1 to 2 d after birth for C compared with M. Conversely, on d 3 after birth, the difference between treatments was not observed for insulin and glucose. For the entire experimental period, plasma GLP-1 concentration was higher for C (2.25 ng/mL) compared with M (1.41 ng/mL) and tended to be higher compared with CM (1.58 ng/ mL). A treatment × time interaction was observed for GLP-1, but unlike glucose and insulin, this was mainly the result of higher concentrations from 54 to 72 h after birth (on d 3 after birth) for C compared with M or CM. Postprandial plasma concentration of glucose was not correlated with that of GLP-1 but was positively correlated with that of insulin for the 4-h period after feeding on d 1 (r = 0.30) and d 3 after birth (r = 0.33). Postprandial plasma concentration of GLP-1 was positively correlated with that of insulin for the 4-h period after feeding on d 3 after birth (r = 0.20). These results indicate that extended colostrum feeding may increase plasma GLP-1 concentrations, especially 3 d after birth, but further study is necessary to determine the effect on plasma insulin and glucose concentrations.

Feeding colostrum or a 1:1 colostrum:whole milk mixture for 3 days after birth increases serum immunoglobulin G and apparent immunoglobulin G persistency in Holstein bulls

“…Collectively, these results highlight several important notions. First, given that all calves within the current study rapidly surpassed FPT thresholds, we are confident that results within this study and companion studies (Inabu et al, 2019;Pyo et al, 2020) are not confounded by inadequate PT between treatments. Second, our data showed that serum IgG >20 g/L can be achieved early on, supporting the use of higher thresholds to determine adequate PT (Furman-Fratczak et al, 2011;Chigerwe et al, 2015).…”

“…In addition, the colostral bioactive fraction is critically important in promoting gastrointestinal tract development (Bühler et al, 1998;Blättler et al, 2001;Steinhoff-Wagner et al, 2014) and possibly modulating neonatal metabolism from the absorption of hormones such as insulin (Pierce et al, 1964;Kirovski et al, 2008), leptin, or adiponectin (Kesser et al, 2015;Liermann et al, 2020). Regarding TM or part-colostrum mixtures, preliminary data indicate that these do positively affect the metabolic and hormonal profiles of neonatal calves (Inabu et al, 2019;Pyo et al, 2020). It is also very clear that TM, colostrum-milk mixtures, or prolonged colostrum feedings promote gastrointestinal development (Yang et al, 2015;Pyo et al, 2020), although the degree of gastrointestinal development with TM or colostrum-milk mixture feeding appears to be equivalent to prolonged colostrum feeding only when an initial meal of colostrum is provided (Yang et al, 2015;Pyo et al, 2020).…”

“…Experiment design and procedures used in this study were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (University of Alberta, AUP00001595) before the start of the experiment. Calf husbandry and feeding protocols have been previously described (Inabu et al, 2019;Pyo et al, 2020) and, as such, are described in brief here. Holstein bulls were removed from their dam immediately following parturition, bottle-fed pooled and pasteurized colostrum (62 g of IgG/L, 7.5% of BW; Saskatoon Colostrum Company Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada) that had never been dehydrated at 2 h after birth, and randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 treatment meals every 12 h beginning at 12 h until 72 h of life.…”

The effect of tributyrin supplementation to milk replacer on plasma glucagon‐like peptide 2 concentrations in pre‐weaning calves

“…In addition, Taylor‐Edwards et al () reported that GLP‐2 effects were observed in ruminants in a manner similar to that of non‐ruminants. Our previous study indicated that the higher plasma concentration of glucagon‐like peptide‐1, which is co‐secreted with GLP‐2 from same cells, was associated with a greater intestinal villi length in newborn calves (Inabu et al, ). Based on these factors, it could be inferred that TB supplementation to MR might stimulate GIT development via the increased circulating GLP‐2 level, which can improve nutrient absorption in pre‐weaning calves.…”

Review: Importance of colostrum supply and milk feeding intensity on gastrointestinal and systemic development in calves

“…The elevated glucose availability and the improved insulin status in colostrum-fed calves are important prerequisites for the accelerated maturation of the somatotropic axis, as indicated by several studies in neonatal calves that were previously summarised (Blum, 2006;Hammon et al, 2012). The stimulation of gastrointestinal hormones due to colostrum feeding may contribute to the elevated insulin secretion in the calves (Hadorn et al, 1997;Inabu et al, 2019). The elevated insulin status due to colostrum feeding in neonatal calves is probably the trigger for stimulating endogenous Developmental effects of milk feeding in calves IGF-I and the postnatal somatotropic axis (Hammon et al, 2012) because glucose and insulin stimulate the hepatic gene expression of the growth hormone receptor and IGF-I as well as IGF-I secretion (Brameld et al, 1999;Butler et al, 2003).…”