Effect of exposure to swine dust on levels of IL-8 in airway lavage fluid

Abstract

Abstractit was shown that healthy swine confinement workers have an increased number of inBackground -Inhalation of swine dust causes airway inflammation with influx flammatory cells and other signs of an ongoing inflammatory lung reaction. 3 In healthy, preof inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils, into the lungs. A study was viously non-exposed subjects it has been established that inhalation of swine dust causes undertaken to determine whether or not exposure to swine dust induces release of bronchial hyperresponsiveness 4 and an intense airway inflammation as assessed by BAL.5 It interleukin 8 (IL-8) into upper and lower airways and how this possible release is seems probable that inhalation of swine dust also causes an inflammatory response in the related to cellular influx. A further aim was to study the relationship between the upper airways although this has not been studied in detail. The cellular reaction to ininflammatory response and swine dust exposure.haled swine dust in healthy subjects is characterised by a recruitment of inflammatory cells Methods -Thirty one healthy, non-smoking, previously unexposed subjects were (predominantly neutrophilic granulocytes) to the alveolar space, 5 and an increase in several exposed to swine dust during three hours work in a swine house. Bronchoalveolar cytokines, such as IL-1 , IL-1 , 6 and other inflammatory mediators in the lavage (BAL) was performed two weeks before and 24 hours after the exposure (n= BAL fluid. The mechanism for the recruitment of neutrophils is not known. There are many 16). Nasal lavage and acoustic rhinometry were carried out 1-2 hours before and chemoattractants which may contribute to the influx of neutrophils into the airways such as seven hours after the start of the exposure (n=31). Exposure measurements were IL-8, 7 ENA-78, 8 LTB 4 , 9 10 and C5a. 11 Since swine dust is a very potent stimulus for neutroperformed with personal sampling equipment.phil attraction to the airways, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not Results -The exposure led to 19-fold and 70-fold increases in the neutrophil con-IL-8, one of the probable chemoattractants for neutrophils, is released in the upper and lower centrations in nasal lavage and BAL fluid, respectively (p<0.001). In BAL fluid macro-airways following exposure to swine dust. phages, lymphocytes and eosinophils increased significantly. The IL-8 levels in BAL fluid increased from <31.3 ng/l to 63 Methods (43-109) ng/l (median (25-75th percentile),  p<0.001), and in nasal lavage fluid Thirty one non-smoking healthy subjects (16 the concentrations increased from 144 men) of mean age 31 (range 18-50) years who (97-227) ng/l to 1064 (864-1437) ng/l had not previously been exposed to farm dust (p<0.001). IL-8 levels showed a significant participated in the study. All subjects denied correlation with the increase in neutro-present or former symptoms of allergy and phils in the nasal lavage fluid but not in airway diseases. They had normal lung function the BAL flui...

Free, soluble interleukin-17 protein during severe inflammation in human airways

“…The present study also shows that exposure to a swine dust confinement causes a significant increase in the airway level of the neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a; associated with the increase in airway neutrophils and lymphocytes, in line with previous studies [14][15][16][17][18]. Indeed, these findings complement the previous mechanistic studies on the effects of IL-17 in the airways [1].…”

“…All the subjects were nonatopic and nonasthmatic as determined by history and a questionnaire. These subjects were exposed to a swine dust confinement for 3 h while assisting a farmer weighing pigs in a swine confinement with y900 pigs, as described previously [12][13][14]. This procedure is known to aerosolize organic dust; exposure was assessed as described previously [12][13][14].…”

“…To evaluate this hypothesis, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was harvested from healthy, nonsmoking volunteers prior to and after exposure to a swine confinement, and the concentration of free, soluble IL-17 protein was determined. Previous studies show that this type of exposure causes recruitment of neutrophils and lymphocytes and increases the concentrations of neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a in the airways [12][13][14].…”

Cytokine release from the nasal mucosa and whole blood after experimental exposures to organic dusts

“…In contrast to the current study they found an increase in urea whereas the current study, and that by WEBER and DANUSER [17] found an increase in albumen 6 h post LPS as an indicator of an increased permeability at this point in time. LARSSON et al [19] found that IL-8 increased from 144 before weighing pigs to 1,064 pg . mL -1 6 h later, which is comparable to what was found in the current study after LPS exposure at 6 h postexposure.…”

Effect of Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms on work-related respiratory symptoms and sensitization to wheat flour in bakery workers

“…22,23 The concentrations of IL-8 and neutrophil number reportedly increased in bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage fluids of healthy subjects after exposure to endotoxin-contaminated swine dust. 24 In recent years, the suggestion was made that the genetic effects of TLR4 polymorphisms on the biological responses to endotoxin exposure should be considered as controlling factors for work-related respiratory diseases under the concept of a gene-environment interaction. 25 Several studies have been performed to investigate the effects of TLR4 gene polymorphisms on occupational asthma induced by organic dust in, for example, swine farms or laboratories.…”