Effect of Exposure to Pasteurella multocida B:2 and its Immunogens on Clinical, Hematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Neeli Ravi Buffaloes

Abstract

B uffalo is considered the main dairy animal in Pakistan. Almost 76% of total buffaloes are found in Punjab and the remaining 24% of the buffaloes are found in other provinces (Anonymous, 2019-20). The total number of buffaloes in Pakistan is 41.2 Million, while 73% of the national milk production Abstract | Buffaloes and other bovines suffer from a fatal disease, "Hemorrhagic septicemia" (HS), which is produced by a gram-negative bacterium "Pasteurella multocida." Existing literature has established bacteria's pathogenesis, but still, the literature about the role of bacteria and its immunogens on the demonstration of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry in Nili Ravi buffaloes under subtropics is lacking. This study was designed to fulfill this gap by analyzing the effects of exposure to the bacterial culture of Pasturella multocida (P. multocida) type B:2 and its immunogens, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane protein (OMP) on Nili Ravi buffaloes. Prepubertal Nili Ravi female buffaloes (N=18) of 10-12 months age in good health condition were divided into five treatment groups (n=3 each) and a control group (n=3). Treatment groups' animals were exposed to P. multocida bacterial culture and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous). Animals were analyzed for the development of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry. All treatment groups exhibited clinical signs (ranging from mild to acute) like increased temperature, variation in rumen motility, mucous membrane, salivation, edema, dullness, depression, nasal discharge, respiratory distress and recumbence or death. A significant change in complete blood count (CBC) including packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, red blood cells (RBCs) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) platelets count, mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cells (WBCs) count, monocytes count, lymphocytes count and granulocytes count. Serum biochemistry profiles (total protein, Albumin and creatinine) of treatment group animals were also changed significantly. Cumulatively it was revealed that P. multocida B: 2 and its Immunogens (LPS and OMP) affect the hematology and serum biochemistry profiles of Neeli-Ravi buffaloes. These findings prove that OMP and LPS from P. multocida B: 2 may be considered for vaccine development.

Effects of Pasturella Multocida B:2 and its immunogens (LPS and OMP) on reproductive hormones in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes

“…All the animals were kept in individual pens. The detailed design was given in our previous report (Zaman et al, 2021).…”

“…Inoculum of P. multocida type B:2 (used in this study) was prepared as described by in our earlier report (Zaman et al, 2021).…”

“…Lipo Polysaccharide (LPS) Extraction from P. multocida type B: 2 LPS extract of P. multocida type B2 for this study was obtained by a commercial LPS-extraction kit (MAK 339 Sigma-Aldrich USA). The extraction was done as per the manufacturer›s instructions already described in our previous study (Zaman et al, 2021).…”

“…Outer-Membrane Proteins (OMP) Extraction from P. multocida type B: 2 As described in our previous study (Zaman et al, 2021), OMP extract was obtained by freezing the freshly harvested cell pellets for 24 hours before starting the OMP extraction procedure. Afterwards, the cell pellets were thawed for 15 minutes on ice before re-suspension in native lysis buffer (10 ml).…”

“…Specific serotypes of P. multocida are predominant in particular geographic zones. Serotype B:2 is dominant in Asian countries, while serotype E:2 is prevailing in African countries (Chung et al, 2015;Zaman et al, 2021). The effects of experimental exposure to H.S have been studied in Malaysian buffaloes recently (Jesse et al, Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2024, vol.…”