Effect of expeller extracted canola meal on growth performance, organ weights, and blood parameters of growing pigs

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of increasing levels of expeller extracted canola meal (EECM) in diets for growing pigs on performance, gastrointestinal tract weight, thyroid gland weights, blood plasma concentration of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, red blood cell count, hemoglobin content in blood, and hematocrit. Four diets were fed to 48 pigs (19.9 ± 1.60 kg initial BW) in 24 pens (6 pens per diet) for 4 wk in a completely randomized design. The diets were a control corn-soybean meal basal diet and 3 additional diets produced by replacing 33, 66, or 100% of soybean meal with EECM to achieve inclusion levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30%. Diets were formulated to be similar in NE and nutrient composition and to meet nutrient requirements for pigs. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water for the duration of the study. Feed intake and BW of pigs were determined on a weekly basis, whereas organ weights and blood parameters were determined at the end of the study. Average daily feed intake linearly decreased ( = 0.001) whereas ADG tended to linearly decline ( = 0.084) with increasing levels of EECM in the diet. The G:F was not affected ( > 0.10) by the dietary level of EECM. Thyroid weight and serum triiodothyronine linearly increased ( = 0.031) whereas serum tetraiodothyronine was linearly reduced ( = 0.001) with increasing inclusion of EECM. Other blood parameters and organ weights were not affected by increasing inclusion of EECM. The analyzed concentration of glucosinolates in the EECM used in this study was 9.27 μmol/g, with values in the diets ranging from 1.02 to 2.75 μmol/g for the lowest to highest inclusion levels, respectively. The increased thyroid weight and changes in thyroid hormones indicate that glucosinolates present in EECM adversely affected performance of growing pigs.

Growth performance, organ weights, and blood parameters of nursery pigs fed diets containing increasing levels of cold-pressed canola cake1

“…The total aliphatic glucosinolate value (7.8 µmol/g) for CPCC was comparable to the values that were reported by Parr et al (2015; 5.9 µmol/g) for SECM and by Velayudhan et al (2017;7.5 µmol/g) for EPCM. However, the total indolic glucosinolate value (6.6 µmol/g) for CPCC fed in the current study was greater than the values that were reported by Parr et al (2015; 2.8 µmol/g), and Newkirk et al (2003; 4.8 µmol/g) for SECM, and by Velayudhan et al (2017; 1.4 µmol/g), and Woyengo et al (2011; 2.8 µmol/g) for EPCM. Jensen et al (1995) reported a greater reduction in the indolic glucosinolate content than in the aliphatic glucosinolate content in rapeseed meal due to toasting.…”

“…Glucosinolates are heat-liable and hence degradable by heat (Newkirk and Classen, 2002). The total aliphatic glucosinolate value (7.8 µmol/g) for CPCC was comparable to the values that were reported by Parr et al (2015; 5.9 µmol/g) for SECM and by Velayudhan et al (2017;7.5 µmol/g) for EPCM. However, the total indolic glucosinolate value (6.6 µmol/g) for CPCC fed in the current study was greater than the values that were reported by Parr et al (2015; 2.8 µmol/g), and Newkirk et al (2003; 4.8 µmol/g) for SECM, and by Velayudhan et al (2017; 1.4 µmol/g), and Woyengo et al (2011; 2.8 µmol/g) for EPCM.…”

“…The greater CP, AA, and NDF values for CPCC fed in the current study could have been attributable to the lower EE content in CPCC fed in the current study than that for CPCC fed in the study of Woyengo et al (2016). The total glucosinolate content of CPCC (14.9 µmol/g) fed in the current study was greater than the values that were reported by Landero et al (2011;3.8 µmol/g) and Parr et al (2015;8.7 µmol/g) for SECM, and by Woyengo et al (2011;8.0 µmol/g) and Velayudhan et al (2017;9.3 µmol/g) for EPCM. The total glucosinolate content of CPCC was greater than the average Canadian values that were reported by Canola Council of Canada (2015; 4.2 µmol/g) for SECM.…”

“…Effects of including EPCM or SECM in pig diets on performance, thyroid gland, liver, and kidney functions have been reported (Parr et al, 2015;Velayudhan et al, 2017). However, information is lacking on the effects of including CPCC in diets for pigs on the fore-mentioned response criteria.…”

Piglet performance and physiological effects linked to reduced glucosinolate transformations in feed products based on rapeseed pressed cakes

“…In Denmark, 0.5 mio. tons rapeseed is produced (FAOSTAT, ), and RPC is a potential protein source for growing pigs (Danielsen, Eggum, Jensen, & Sørensen, ; Velayudhan, Schuh, Woyengo, Sands, & Nyachoti, ). Rapeseed meal (RM) is, however, the main co‐product produced in Europa, where the rapeseed production amounts to 22 mio.…”