Effect of exogenous progesterone treatment on ovarian steroid hormones and oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers during peak and low breeding seasons in dromedary she-camel

Abstract

Background: Research about the effects of progesterone (P4) and the relationship of P4 to oxidative stress has been achieved in ruminants but not enough in camels Aim: This study evaluated the effect of exogenous P4 hormone using CIDR for 7 days on blood concentrations of steroid hormones and oxidative status of dromedary she-camels during peak and low breeding seasons. Materials and Methods: The present work was conducted on ten dark dromedary she-camels which were synchronized using a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for 7 days as a reproductive management tool during peak breeding (November-April) and low breeding season (May-October). The blood samples were collected each other day from CIDR insertion until the end of experiment 5 days after the removal of CIDR. Camels were examined for P4, estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicator of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase as antioxidant markers. Results: Results revealed that P4 was higher during peak breeding season than low breeding season. While the levels of P4 increased during CIDR insertion and declined at CIDR removal and thereafter during breeding season, its concentrations declined after CIDR application during the non-breeding season. On the other hand, blood E2 and testosterone levels decreased after CIDR insertion in both high and low breeding seasons with higher serum E2 concentrations during the peak than the low breeding season. MDA concentrations and SOD activities were significantly (p<0.05) high on day 3 after CIDR insertion during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. During both the seasons, GSH levels decreased after CIDR removal in camels. However, MDA was lower during non-breeding season than high breeding season with no seasonal effect on SOD activity. Conclusion: Exogenous P4 treatment through CIDR in dromedary camels could be more efficient during breeding season than non-breeding season, and effects on circulating oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers and their return to normal levels might refer to the adaptation of camels to CIDR by modulating their oxidant and antioxidant levels.

Clinical and Correlated Responses among Steroid Hormones and Oxidant/Antioxidant Biomarkers in Pregnant, Non-Pregnant and Lactating CIDR-Pre-Synchronized Dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius)

“…In the current study, out of 60 CIDR pre-synchronized dromedary she-camels, 38 became pregnant with a conception rate of 63.33%. The high conception rate reported in the present study strongly support the good efficacy of using CIDR for synchronization in she-camel as recently reported [9,10]. The current study reported no remarkable differences between the three groups of she-camels for temperature and rumen motility.…”

“…Serum P 4 was negatively correlated with both E 2 and cortisol, hence a positive correlation was demonstrated between E 2 and cortisol. On other hand, in she-camels received CIDR, re-used CIDR or OvSynch protocols, negative correlations observed in camels of this study between P 4 and MDA [10]. In contrast to the negative correlations reported in she-camels of the current study between P 4 and MDA, cows showed a reduction in oxidative stress indicators together with P 4 from the time the CIDR [79] and P 4 release intra-vaginal device were removed [80].…”

“…Several trials have been performed to improve the reproductive performance of both female and male dromedary camels, and to control the follicular waves pattern-estrous cycle in she-camels as well [8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, controlled-internal drug release (CIDR) was successfully used for synchronization in dromedary she-camels [9,11,12].…”

Utilization of Hormonal Biomarkers for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Marecha Camel under Semi-Intsensive Management System

“…Ebissy et al (2019) reported progesterone (ng/ml) and estrogen (pg/ml) concentration as 3.86±0.10, 202.8±22.5 and 4.73±0.17, 303.3±22.6 respectively, at 28 and 14 days before parturition in Egyptian dromedary camels. In another study about Egyptian dromedary camels, El-Maaty et al (2019) reported progesterone (ng/ml) and estrogen (pg/ml) concentration as 1.97±0.14, 53.66±2.46 and 1.15±0.09, 45.86±3.17 respectively, at peak and low breeding season. Moussa et al (2019) reported mean serum progesterone (ng/ml) and estrogen (pg/ml) concentration as 2.68±2.31, 19.96±3.37 and 3.67±2.13, 5.91±0.46, respectively, during estrous and met-estrus period in Mali dromedary camels.…”

Investigations on the vaginal temperature, cycle stages, and steroid hormone concentrations during the breeding season in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

“…There were significant differences in the camel ovarian activity in relation to the months and seasons of the year [4,5]. Camel ovarian activities were recorded between December and May in Egypt [6,7]. During the breeding season, follicular growth constantly occurs in both ovaries in regular waves [8].…”