Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on sulfur and nitrate assimilation pathway enzymes in maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress

Majeed, Sadia; Nawaz, Fahim; Naeem, Muhammad; Ashraf, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s11738-018-2780-y

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Similar to that which occurs in tobacco, PEG-simulated drought stress inhibited NR activity and gene relative expression levels in maize leaves (Figure 4, Figure 6) [46]. Significant reductions were also noted in the enzymatic protein relative expression level of NADH-NR in response to PEG, which may be attributed to excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by stress ( Figure 5) [47]. Moreover, the negative effects of PEG-simulated drought stress on foliar NADH-NR activity was ameliorated to some extent by exogenous DCPTA, and the increased NR activity matched the increase in the corresponding gene relative expression levels and protein abundances of NADH-NR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Exogenous DCPTA Increases the Tolerance of Maize Seedlings to PEG-Simulated Drought by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Enzymes

Xie

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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2-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine (DCPTA) regulates plant development; however, the molecular basis of this regulation is poorly understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and physiological indexes of maize seedlings (three-leaf stage) treated with 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) with/without DCPTA were investigated to explore the possible mechanism of exogenous DCPTA-improved drought tolerance. In the library pair comparisons of DCPTA vs. the control, PEG vs. the control, and PEG + DCPTA vs. PEG, totals of 19, 38 and 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified as being involved in metabolic processes, respectively; totals of 5, 11, and 6 DEGs were enriched in the nitrogen (N) metabolic pathway, respectively. The genes encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-nitrate reductase (NADH-NR), ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (Fd-NiR), reduced ferredoxin-glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT), and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS 2) were common in response to PEG-simulated drought stress with/without DCPTA treatment. Moreover, DCPTA maintained stable gene relative expression levels and protein abundances of NADH-NR, Fd-NiR, GS2, and Fd-GOGAT. Moreover, exogenous DCPTA partially mitigated PEG-simulated drought-induced reductions in the enzymatic activities of NR, nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthase (GS), glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT), and transaminase, as well as in the contents of nitrate (NO 3 − ), nitrite (NO 2 − ) and soluble proteins and increases in the contents of ammonium (NH 4 + ) and free amino acids. Together, our results indicate that exogenous DCPTA improved plant growth and drought tolerance by regulating N-mechanism enzymatic activities involved in transcription and enzymatic protein synthesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Exogenous DCPTA Increases the Tolerance of Maize Seedlings to PEG-Simulated Drought by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Enzymes

Xie

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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“…Seeds of indigenous maize hybrid viz. P1574 characterized as drought sensitive by Majeed et al 26 were obtained from local seed dealer of Pioneer Pakistan Pvt. Ltd.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfate-mediated Drought Tolerance in Maize Involves Regulation at Physiological and Biochemical Levels

Usmani

Nawaz

Majeed³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Restriction in nutrient acquisition is one of the primary causes for reduced growth and yield in water deficient soils. Sulfur (S) is an important secondary macronutrient that interacts with several stress metabolites to improve performance of food crops under various environmental stresses including drought. Increased S supply influences uptake and distribution of essential nutrients to confer nutritional homeostasis in plants exposed to limited water conditions. The regulation of S metabolism in plants, resulting in synthesis of numerous S-containing compounds, is crucial to the acclimation response to drought stress. Two different experiments were laid out in semi-controlled conditions to investigate the effects of different S sources on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of maize (Zea mays L. cv. P1574). Initially, the rate of S application in maize was optimized in terms of improved biomass and nutrient uptake. The maize seedlings were grown in sandy loam soil fertigated with various doses (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha −1) of different S fertilizers viz. K 2 So 4 , feSo 4 , cuSo 4 and na 2 So 4. The optimized S dose of each fertilizer was later tested in second experiment to determine its role in improving drought tolerance of maize plants. A marked effect of S fertilization was observed on biomass accumulation and nutrients uptake in maize. In addition, the optimized doses significantly increased the gas exchange characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes to improve yield of maize. Among various S sources, application of K 2 So 4 resulted in maximum photosynthetic rate (43%), stomatal conductance (98%), transpiration rate (61%) and sub-stomatal conductance (127%) compared to no S supply. Moreover, it also increased catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities by 55, 87 and 65%, respectively that ultimately improved maize yield by 33% with respect to control under water deficit conditions. These results highlight the importance of S fertilizers that would likely be helpful for farmers to get better yield in water deficient soils. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major cereal crops that provide food for humans and feed for livestock. The demand for maize seed has increased significantly during past few decades due to its consumption in poultry feed and wet milling industry. The importance of maize as a food crop is well recognized and is used as a staple food in many parts of the world 1. Maize seed is an abundant source of energy as 100 g seed provides 365 kilocalories of energy 2. However, it is an extensive nutrient crop and excessive use of fertilizers to obtain high yield has resulted in the depletion of nutrients particularly sulfur (S) in soils 3. Moreover, water shortage due to climate change may induce further losses in maize production in future. Adaptation of maize to limited water conditions has received great interest from farmers, researchers and policy makers considering its importance in nutritional food security. Since maize requires large quantities of water to...

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“…Because of its versatility and biological importance, it was rightly named "Molecule of the Year" by Science in 1992 [28]. [29] Glycine max Withholding water 100 µM SNP Reduced water loss and improved biomass due to alteration of stomatal characteristics and hydraulic conductivity [30] Origanum majorana Withholding water 30 and 60 µM SNP Improved water use efficiency Increased anthocyanin, soluble phenol, and flavonoid content Enhanced antioxidant capacity [31] Brassica juncea 10% PEG 6000 100 µM SNP Antioxidant accumulation Reduction in MDA content Decreased ROS content [32] Triticum aestivum 15 and 30% PEG 0.5 mM SNP Improved antioxidant defence Enhanced glyoxalase system resulting in restoration of leaf relative water content and proline content Enhanced endogenous NO production [33] Zea mays Withholding water 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM SNP 100 µM SNP had a positive impact on chlorophyll content and water status Increased activity of CAT, SOD, and APX Improved activities of GR, GST, GOPX, nitrite and nitrate reductase activity [34] PEG: Polyethylene glycol; NO: Nitric oxide; SNP (Sodium nitroprusside); acts as NO donor; MDA: Malondialdehyde; APX: Ascorbate peroxidase; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; CAT: Catalase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GR: Glutathione reductase; GST: Glutathione S-transferase; GOPX: Guaiacol peroxidase. ROS are produced as unwanted byproducts of various metabolic pathways in chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and legume nodules [52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Homeostasis during Abiotic Stresses in Plants

Wani

Naeem

Castroverde

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Abiotic stressors, such as drought, heavy metals, and high salinity, are causing huge crop losses worldwide. These abiotic stressors are expected to become more extreme, less predictable, and more widespread in the near future. With the rapidly growing human population and changing global climate conditions, it is critical to prevent global crop losses to meet the increasing demand for food and other crop products. The reactive gaseous signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) is involved in numerous plant developmental processes as well as plant responses to various abiotic stresses through its interactions with various molecules. Together, these interactions lead to the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), proline and glutathione biosynthesis, post-translational modifications such as S-nitrosylation, and modulation of gene and protein expression. Exogenous application of various NO donors positively mitigates the negative effects of various abiotic stressors. In view of the multidimensional role of this signaling molecule, research over the past decade has investigated its potential in alleviating the deleterious effects of various abiotic stressors, particularly in ROS homeostasis. In this review, we highlight the recent molecular and physiological advances that provide insights into the functional role of NO in mediating various abiotic stress responses in plants.

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Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on sulfur and nitrate assimilation pathway enzymes in maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress

Cited by 30 publications

References 87 publications

Exogenous DCPTA Increases the Tolerance of Maize Seedlings to PEG-Simulated Drought by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Enzymes

Exogenous DCPTA Increases the Tolerance of Maize Seedlings to PEG-Simulated Drought by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Enzymes

Sulfate-mediated Drought Tolerance in Maize Involves Regulation at Physiological and Biochemical Levels

Molecular Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Homeostasis during Abiotic Stresses in Plants

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