Effect of exit placement on evacuation plans

The potential of emergent disruptive technologies for humanitarian supply chains: the integration of blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and 3D printing

“…For instance, articles in the literature have focused on identifying disaster risk (Chen et al 2013), predicting flood routing (Bagatur and Onen 2018), improving situational awareness using big data (Khare, Burel, and Alani 2019), and using big data to detect socioeconomic recovery (Shibuya and Tanaka 2019) and resilience (Papadopoulos et al 2017). Specifically looking at logistics activities, there have been contributions to enhance evacuation by analysing human behaviour (Kurdi et al 2018), to create expert systems to simulate instances to develop operational strategies (Dong et al 2013), and to implement agent-base techniques to manage disruptions in the supply chain (Blos, da Silva, and Wee 2018). AI also has potential to be complemented with other technologies.…”

Building evacuation time optimization using constraint-based design approach

“…Tavares used simulation software to run 950 cases to discover which door position can minimize the egress time and he found the best solution to set two exits of equal size in a square room (Tavares, 2009). Heba developed a simulation model to compare evacuation time of four exit arrangement strategies (exits on one side, exits on adjacent sides, exits on opposite sides, and exits on all sides) (Kurdi et al, 2018). Li put in shortest-path and following-up behavior to his pedestrian evacuation model to find out the weakness of the floor plan and improved the evacuation efficiency by changing the exit location in a supermarket (Yue et al, 2011).…”

Optimization of Building Exit Layout: Combining Exit Decisions of Evacuees

“…Evacuation describes a certain collective behavior where pedestrians are brought together in groups and move like a whole to a safe area once a danger is recognized [1,2]. Pedestrian evacuation has become a widely studied topic in the last few decades, and there are numerous interesting phenomena of pedestrian flow, such as oscillations [3], arching [4], the "faster-is-slower" effect [4], herding behavior [5], and "freezing-by-heating" effect [6].…”

“…rough an extensive search of related research, three main evacuation optimization methods are recognized as follows [15]: (a) architectural design and infrastructure adjustment; (b) optimization of path planning; (c) behavioral modification and active guidance. Specifically, the architectural design of exits, considering exits are the main means of evacuation [2], is one of the problems attracting considerable attention before design efficient evacuation plans. Although some researchers have pointed out that exit layout has a significant impact on crowd behavior [16,17], few of them examined this influence and its impact on the evacuation process [2].…”

“…Specifically, the architectural design of exits, considering exits are the main means of evacuation [2], is one of the problems attracting considerable attention before design efficient evacuation plans. Although some researchers have pointed out that exit layout has a significant impact on crowd behavior [16,17], few of them examined this influence and its impact on the evacuation process [2]. e exit decisions, which reflect the multiattribute tradeoffs of evacuees between social interaction and physical factors [18], are bounded by available contextual information at exits, such as distance and visibility of exits, relative queue size at exits, social influence of neighbors, inertia (for maintaining initial choices), and crowd size [19,20].…”