Effect of exit locations on ants escaping a two-exit room stressed with repellent

Wang, Shujie; Cao, Shuchao; Wang, Qiao; Lian, Liping; Song, Weiguo

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2016.03.083

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They found that the average flow was independent linearly on the exit width which was in contrast with human behaviors. Wang et al (2016) further built a two-exit chamber to study ants egress through exits with the change of exit location and spacing [122]. It was found that the most efficient exit layout was the longest spacing of the two exits and this finding was correspondent with Shiwakoti et al (2013) [123].…”

Section: Egress and Ingressmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Most of the animal experiments were carried out using ants. The experiment setups for ants egress experiments were developed to replicate the similar set up for human experiments, i.e., circular chamber [8,119,120], squared chamber [121][122][123], and squared chamber with oblique corner near exits [124][125][126]. The common parameter measured is the escape flow at exits.…”

Section: Egress and Ingressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A State-of-the-Art Review on Empirical Data Collection for External Governed Pedestrians Complex Movement

Shi

Shiwakoti

et al. 2018

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Complex movement patterns of pedestrian traffic, ranging from unidirectional to multidirectional flows, are frequently observed in major public infrastructure such as transport hubs. These multidirectional movements can result in increased number of conflicts, thereby influencing the mobility and safety of pedestrian facilities. Therefore, empirical data collection on pedestrians’ complex movement has been on the rise in the past two decades. Although there are several reviews of mathematical simulation models for pedestrian traffic in the existing literature, a detailed review examining the challenges and opportunities on empirical studies on the pedestrians complex movements is limited in the literature. The overall aim of this study is to present a systematic review on the empirical data collection for uni- and multidirectional crowd complex movements. We first categorized the complex movements of pedestrian crowd into two general categories, namely, external governed movements and internal driven movements based on the interactions with the infrastructure and among pedestrians, respectively. Further, considering the hierarchy of movement complexity, we decomposed the externally governed movements of pedestrian traffic into several unique movement patterns including straight line, turning, egress and ingress, opposing, weaving, merging, diverging, and random flows. Analysis of the literature showed that empirical data were highly rich in straight line and egress flow while medium rich in turning, merging, weaving, and opposing flows, but poor in ingress, diverging, and random flows. We put emphasis on the need for the future global collaborative efforts on data sharing for the complex crowd movements.

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Section: Egress and Ingressmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Egress and Ingressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-the-Art Review on Empirical Data Collection for External Governed Pedestrians Complex Movement

Shi

Shiwakoti

et al. 2018

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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“…dives ants from two identical exits was induced under high ground temperatures (>32.75°C; Fig 2), which are a common abiotic danger for ants. Other researchers have also observed symmetry breaking in different ant species, including Camponotus japonicas [12], Atta insularis [4], and Solenopsis invicta [11]. This phenomenon may not be species-dependent in ants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…japonicus ants in single-exit room with repellent and found that the mean flow rate didn’t linearly increased with the exit width [5]. Their group also conducted another experiment to examine whether the distance between two exits in a room influenced the ants’ egress flow rate [12]. They demonstrated that the maximum mean flow rate occurred when the distance was longest (6 cm) compared with other separations between two exits (1 cm, 2.5 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-induced symmetry breaking in ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) escape behavior

Chung

Lin

2017

PLoS ONE

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The collective egress of social insects is important in dangerous situations such as natural disasters or enemy attacks. Some studies have described the phenomenon of symmetry breaking in ants, with two exits induced by a repellent. However, whether symmetry breaking occurs under high temperature conditions, which are a common abiotic stress, remains unknown. In our study, we deposited a group of Polyrhachis dives ants on a heated platform and counted the number of escaping ants with two identical exits. We discovered that ants asymmetrically escaped through two exits when the temperature of the heated platform was >32.75°C. The degree of asymmetry increased linearly with the temperature of the platform. Furthermore, the higher the temperature of heated platform was, the more ants escaped from the heated platform. However, the number of escaping ants decreased for 3 min when the temperature was higher than the critical thermal limit (39.46°C), which is the threshold for ants to endure high temperature without a loss of performance. Moreover, the ants tended to form small groups to escape from the thermal stress. A preparatory formation of ant grouping was observed before they reached the exit, indicating that the ants actively clustered rather than accidentally gathered at the exits to escape. We suggest that a combination of individual and grouping ants may help to optimize the likelihood of survival during evacuation.

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“…As mentioned previously, the problem has been framed using a range of terminologies such as imitation [49], allelomimetic behaviour, or allomimetic behaviour [46] (defined as a range of activities in which the performance of a behaviour increases the probability of that behaviour being performed by other nearby animals), social influence [54,55], peer behaviour effect [53], neighbour behaviour effect [56], followthe-crowd behaviour [48], and of course, herding or herdtype behaviour [41,50,52,57,58]. The phenomenon is also referred to by a substantial body of studies as "symmetry breaking" [42,[59][60][61][62]. From a linguistic perspective, however, the term does not exactly equate imitation.…”

Section: Definitions and Alternative Terminologies For Herdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panic, Irrationality, and Herding: Three Ambiguous Terms in Crowd Dynamics Research

Haghani

Cristiani

Bode

et al. 2019

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Background. The three terms “panic”, “irrationality”, and “herding” are ubiquitous in the crowd dynamics literature and have a strong influence on both modelling and management practices. The terms are also commonly shared between the scientific and nonscientific domains. The pervasiveness of the use of these terms is to the point where their underlying assumptions have often been treated as common knowledge by both experts and lay persons. Yet, at the same time, the literature on crowd dynamics presents ample debate, contradiction, and inconsistency on these topics. Method. This review is the first to systematically revisit these three terms in a unified study to highlight the scope of this debate. We extracted from peer-reviewed journal articles direct quotes that offer a definition, conceptualisation, or supporting/contradicting evidence on these terms and/or their underlying theories. To further examine the suitability of the term herding, a secondary and more detailed analysis is also conducted on studies that have specifically investigated this phenomenon in empirical settings. Results. The review shows that (i) there is no consensus on the definition for the terms panic and irrationality and that (ii) the literature is highly divided along discipline lines on how accurate these theories/terminologies are for describing human escape behaviour. The review reveals a complete division and disconnection between studies published by social scientists and those from the physical science domain and also between studies whose main focus is on numerical simulation versus those with empirical focus. (iii) Despite the ambiguity of the definitions and the missing consensus in the literature, these terms are still increasingly and persistently mentioned in crowd evacuation studies. (iv) Different to panic and irrationality, there is relative consistency in definitions of the term herding, with the term usually being associated with ‘(blind) imitation’. However, based on the findings of empirical studies, we argue why, despite the relative consistency in meaning, (v) the term herding itself lacks adequate nuance and accuracy for describing the role of ‘social influence’ in escape behaviour. Our conclusions also emphasise the importance of distinguishing between the social influence on various aspects of evacuation behaviour and avoiding generalisation across various behavioural layers. Conclusions. We argue that the use of these three terms in the scientific literature does not contribute constructively to extending the knowledge or to improving the modelling capabilities in the field of crowd dynamics. This is largely due to the ambiguity of these terms, the overly simplistic nature of their assumptions, or the fact that the theories they represent are not readily verifiable. Recommendations. We suggest that it would be beneficial for advancing this research field that the phenomena related to these three terms are clearly defined by more tangible and quantifiable terms and be formulated as verifiable hypotheses, so they can be operationalized for empirical testing.

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Effect of exit locations on ants escaping a two-exit room stressed with repellent

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

A State-of-the-Art Review on Empirical Data Collection for External Governed Pedestrians Complex Movement

A State-of-the-Art Review on Empirical Data Collection for External Governed Pedestrians Complex Movement

Heat-induced symmetry breaking in ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) escape behavior

Panic, Irrationality, and Herding: Three Ambiguous Terms in Crowd Dynamics Research

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