Effect of Exercising with Others on Incident Functional Disability and All-Cause Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Five-Year Follow-Up Survey

Fujii, Yuya; Fujii, Katsunori; Jindo, Takashi; Kitano, Naruki; Seol, Jaehoon; Tsunoda, Kenji; Okura, Tomohiro

doi:10.3390/ijerph17124329

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In our study, we used performance-based tests and clarified a positive relationship between exercising with others and physical functions, especially lower-limb muscle strength. Because improved lower-limb muscle strength significantly facilitates the effect of exercise on preventing functional limitations 26) , this supports our previous results that exercise with others is associated with a lower risk of functional disability 14) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For example, previous observational studies have demonstrated that those who exercised with others reported fewer depressive symptoms, better mental well-being, better subjective health status, fewer instances of falls, and higher levels of physical activity than those who exercised alone [8][9][10][11][12][13] . Additionally, we previously conducted a 5 year longitudinal study to examine the effects of group exercise on the incidences of functional disability and mortality, and found that those who exercised with others tended to be at a lower risk of these outcomes 14) . Although physical and cognitive functions are important predictors of the development of functional disabilities, studies examining the effects of group exercise on these two factors remain scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between exercising in a group and physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the Kasama Study

et al. 2021

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To examine the associations of exercise habits, particularly exercising in a group, with physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults. [Participants and Methods] A total of 615 older adults participated in this cross-sectional study. We conducted three physical performance tests (grip strength, five times sit-to-stand, and 5-meter walk tests) and the Five-Cog test (attention, memory, visuospatial, language, and reasoning). We investigated exercise habits using questionnaires and classified the participants into three groups as follows: those who did not exercise (n=86), those who exercised alone (n=168), and those who exercised in a group (n=362). To clarify the associations of exercise habits with physical and cognitive functions, we used the analysis of covariance with adjustment for potential confounders. [Results] The participants who exercised in a group had better lower limb strength than those who exercised alone and better scores for all the variables than the non-exercisers. Furthermore, those who exercised in a group scored significantly higher on the attention, memory, visuospatial, and overall cognitive function tests than those who exercised alone. [Conclusion] Our results highlight the importance of the social aspects associated with exercising, such as the presence of exercise peers, to improve the physical and cognitive health of older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between exercising in a group and physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the Kasama Study

et al. 2021

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“…In a previous study, the present authors revealed that communal exercise has a lower hazard ratio for ve-year morality than no exercise [38]. The present study suggests that physical activity and exercising with others [39,40] may have a synergistic effect on not only physical functions but also mental health and sleep quality in older adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Combined Effect of Daily Physical Activity and Social Relationships on Sleep Disorder Among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Data From The Kasama Study

Seol

Lee

Nagata

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: This cross-sectional study investigated whether the daily physical activity of older adults, combined with social relationships, is associated with the risk of sleep disorder. Further, it determined whether a high level of one variable with a low level of the other leads to a significantly lower risk of sleep disorder than low levels of both. Methods: The sample comprised 988 community-dwelling older Japanese adults (mean age: 73.1 ± 5.5 years). The level of daily physical activity and range of social relationships were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and the Lubben Social Network Scale, respectively. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep disorder. To test linear trends and the combined effect of the two variables, both variable values were divided into tertiles. To test the combined effects, medians were calculated for the respective scores, based on which the participants were categorized into the following groups: (1) inactive with a narrow range of social relationships (n = 307), (2) inactive with a wide range of social relationships (n = 183), (3) active with a narrow range of social relationships (n = 205), and (4) active with a wide range of social relationships (n = 293). After adjusting for potential confounders, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: Participants who were more physically active (odds ratio [OR]: 0.694, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.484–0.997) and those with a wide range of social relationships (OR: 0.690, 95% CI: 0.481–0.988) showed a lower prevalence of sleep disorder than those in the first tertile; these effects were independent of each other. The combined effect analysis revealed that the active group with a wide range of social relationships showed a significantly lower prevalence of sleep disorder (OR: 0.585, 95% CI: 0.404–0.847) than the inactive group with a narrow range of social relationships.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that being physically active with a wide range of social relationships is favorably associated with sleep quality. However, a high level of one variable with a low level of the other is inefficient in improving sleep quality among older adults.

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“…In this study, either playing alone or with peers, older participants showed significant improvement from pretest to posttest, reaffirming that the practice of exergame is a therapeutic instrument to improve the functional capacity of older people [ 45 ]. Nevertheless, the results also suggest that even better outcomes in individuals’ functional capacity and adherence can arise from group-based exergaming, which is similar to the outcomes of group-based conventional exercise [ 46 - 48 ]. Technology is an innovative method to assist changes associated with aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bowling Exergame to Improve Functional Capacity in Older Adults: Co-Design, Development, and Testing to Compare the Progress of Playing Alone Versus Playing With Peers

Júnior¹,

Biduski²,

Bellei³

et al. 2021

JMIR Serious Games

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Background Older people often do not meet the recommended levels of exercise required to reduce functional decline. Social interaction is mentioned by this cohort as a reason for joining group-based exercises, which does not occur when exercising alone. This perspective shows that exergames can be used as motivational resources. However, most available exergames are generic, obtained from commercial sources, and usually not specifically designed or adapted for older people. Objective In this study, we aim to co-design and develop a new exergame alongside older participants to (1) tailor the game mechanics and optimize participants’ adherence to and enjoyment of exercise; (2) test the participants’ functional capacity, motivation, and adherence to the exergaming program; and (3) compare these scores between those who played alone and those who played with peers. Methods We conducted a co-design process to develop a new exergame adapted to older people. For user testing, 23 participants were divided into 2 groups to play individually (alone group) or to compete in pairs (with peers group). They played the game twice a week, resulting in 21 exergaming sessions. We assessed the participants’ General Physical Fitness Index (GPFI) before and after the user testing. We also administered questionnaires about the gaming experience and exercise adherence with its motivators and barriers. Results We introduced a new bowling exergame for Xbox with a Kinect motion sensor that can be played in single or multiplayer mode. For the GPFI measurements, the sample was homogeneous in the pretest (with peers group: mean 40.5 [SD 9.6], alone group: mean 33.9 [SD 7.8]; P=.11). After the exergame testing sessions, both groups had significant gains (with peers group: mean 57.5 [SD 8.7], P=.005; alone group: mean 44.7 [SD 10.6]; P=.02). Comparing the posttest between groups, it was found that the group in which participants played with peers had better outcomes than the group in which participants played alone (P=.02). Regarding the gaming experience and exercise adherence, both groups recognized the benefits and expressed enthusiasm toward the exergame. Conclusions The findings suggest that the developed exergame helps in improving the functional capacity and adherence to physical exercise among older people, with even better results for those who played with peers. In addition to leading to more appropriate products, a co-design approach may positively influence the motivation and adherence of participants.

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Effect of Exercising with Others on Incident Functional Disability and All-Cause Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Five-Year Follow-Up Survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Associations between exercising in a group and physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the Kasama Study

Associations between exercising in a group and physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the Kasama Study

Combined Effect of Daily Physical Activity and Social Relationships on Sleep Disorder Among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Data From The Kasama Study

A Bowling Exergame to Improve Functional Capacity in Older Adults: Co-Design, Development, and Testing to Compare the Progress of Playing Alone Versus Playing With Peers

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