Effect of Exercise upon Ligament Strength

Adams, Adran

doi:10.1080/10671188.1966.10613358

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, qualitatively, swimming or aerobic (endurance) running exercise on mills or wheels for over 4 weeks has been reported to strengthen knee ligaments more than spontaneous or caged exercise. 8,12,13,16,19,20,22,23,26,34 Viidik 23 showed that the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-tibia junction was strengthened in exercised rabbits compared to caged controls. Failure testing was performed apparently at a slow extension rate; in both control and exercise groups, the majority of the failures occurred by avulsion fractures from the *Presented at the Fifth Annual Meetmg of the Amencan Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicme, Innisbrook, Flonda, July 9 to 12,1979 The opinions and assertions contamed herem are the pnvate views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense In conducting the research m this report, the mvestigators adhered to the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facihties and Care, as promulgated by the Committee on the Gmde for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, tibia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exercise effects on the strength of the rat anterior cruciate ligament

et al. 1980

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Seventy-five rats were divided into a control and four exercise groups of differing frequency and duration. After 8 weeks of endurance-type exercise on a motorized treadmill, the rats were sacrificed and the anterior cruciate ligaments were tested to failure on an Instron materials testing machine at a strain rate of 95% sec-1. Of the 121 ligaments tested, 119 failed by pure interstitial failure. There was significant increase in both the strength and stiffness of the anterior cruciate ligaments in the exercised rats but those rats exercised more frequently (daily vs. every other day) and for shorter duration (30 min rather than 60 min) had the greatest increase in strength. This study has shown that endurance-type exercise is beneficial to the anterior cruciate ligament as both strength and stiffness are increased and functionally the ligament remains unchanged by exercise.

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confidence: 99%

Exercise effects on the strength of the rat anterior cruciate ligament

et al. 1980

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“…9 Also, according to a finite element model analysis, if VMO muscle strength increased by 20%, lateral patellar cartilage shear stress shifted medially without a rise in total patellar cartilage shear stress during squatting. 10 Although physical exercise has long been reported to lead to strengthening of the skeletal muscles, tendons, and ligaments, which are important for sports injury prevention, [11][12][13][14][15][16] information is lacking on the effects of physical conditioning on patellofemoral joint stabilization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two Modes of Weight Training Programs and Patellar Stabilization

Wong

Chan

Tang

et al. 2009

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Underconditioned patellar stabilizing muscles could be a predisposing factor for patellar instability.Objective: To examine the effect of 2 modes of weight training on the size of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), the resting position and passive mobility of the patella, and the strength of the knee extensor muscles.Design: Prospective intervention, repeated measures in 3 groups.Setting: Orthopaedic and sports sciences research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: 48 healthy adults free from back and lower extremity injuries.Intervention(s): Participants were randomly assigned to muscle hypertrophy training, muscle strength training, or the control group. Those in the training groups pursued training 3 times per week for 8 weeks.Main Outcome Measure(s): Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound cross-sectional area of the VMO, patellar tilt angle on magnetic resonance imaging, instrumented passive patellar mobility, and isometric knee extension torque of the dominant leg.Results: Participants in both training groups had comparable gains in VMO size, passive patellar stability, and knee extension force, all of which were greater than for the control group (P , .05).Conclusions: Both short-term muscle hypertrophy and strength training programs can reinforce the patellar stabilizers in previously untrained volunteers.

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“…Since the ACL vascular network can deliver essential biological factors, its limited healing capacity following partial or complete rupture is likely related more to anatomical or mechanical factors [ 70 ], where an adequate provisional bridge cannot form between its torn ends [ 71 ]. There is a direct correlation between ACL tensile strength and decreased injury incidence and severity [ 72 ]. With the increasing popularity of the high-intensity, high-frequency and high-total-volume elite training and competition model for youth and adolescent athletes, the healthcare team should be highly aware of all factors that may combine to weaken the ACL ECM [ 2 , 3 , 27 , 31 ].…”

Section: Causal Tissue Histogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative Anterior Cruciate Ligament Healing in Youth and Adolescent Athletes: The Emerging Age of Recovery Science

Nyland,

Sirignano,

Richards

et al. 2024

JFMK

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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries mainly arise from non-contact mechanisms during sport performance, with most injuries occurring among youth or adolescent-age athletes, particularly females. The growing popularity of elite-level sport training has increased the total volume, intensity and frequency of exercise and competition loading to levels that may exceed natural healing capacity. Growing evidence suggests that the prevailing mechanism that leads to non-contact ACL injury from sudden mechanical fatigue failure may be accumulated microtrauma. Given the consequences of primary ACL injury on the future health and quality of life of youth and adolescent athletes, the objective of this review is to identify key “recovery science” factors that can help prevent these injuries. Recovery science is any aspect of sports training (type, volume, intensity, frequency), nutrition, and sleep/rest or other therapeutic modalities that may prevent the accumulated microtrauma that precedes non-contact ACL injury from sudden mechanical fatigue failure. This review discusses ACL injury epidemiology, current surgical efficacy, the native ACL vascular network, regional ACL histological complexities such as the entheses and crimp patterns, extracellular matrix remodeling, the concept of causal histogenesis, exercise dosage and ligament metabolism, central nervous system reorganization post-ACL rupture, homeostasis regulation, nutrition, sleep and the autonomic nervous system. Based on this information, now may be a good time to re-think primary ACL injury prevention strategies with greater use of modified sport training, improved active recovery that includes well-planned nutrition, and healthy sleep patterns. The scientific rationale behind the efficacy of regenerative orthobiologics and concomitant therapies for primary ACL injury prevention in youth and adolescent athletes are also discussed.

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Effect of Exercise upon Ligament Strength

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Exercise effects on the strength of the rat anterior cruciate ligament

Exercise effects on the strength of the rat anterior cruciate ligament

Two Modes of Weight Training Programs and Patellar Stabilization

Regenerative Anterior Cruciate Ligament Healing in Youth and Adolescent Athletes: The Emerging Age of Recovery Science

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