Effect of exercise type on smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Klinsophon, Thaniya; Thaveeratitham, Premtip; Sitthipornvorakul, Ekalak; Janwantanakul, Prawit

doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2762-y

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…All other outcomes were addressed by between one and three studies; for all outcomes reported by two or more studies, results were mixed, except in the case of depression, for which no study reported improvements. Overall, these findings reflect reviews and meta-analyses of all forms of exercise in nicotine dependence (23, 25, 100), namely that current study quality prohibits clear statements about effectiveness. Specifically, “Further studies are required to establish the optimum intensity of exercise intervention required […]” (23).…”

Section: Summary Of Main Findings Regarding Primary Outcomessupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The majority of these have focussed on nicotine dependence, with some positive effects found for craving (22), duration of abstinence (23), and withdrawal symptoms (24). However, results of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found no effects for most forms of exercise on smoking cessation, and only low quality evidence for a combination of yoga and cognitive behavioral therapy (25). For alcohol, the results of studies have been mixed, with some reporting a reduction in consumption (26, 27), and others finding no such effects (28) or comorbid psychiatric complaints such as depression (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Exercise Training in the Therapy of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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Background: In the past 3 decades, there has been an increase in the number of studies assessing exercise as a form of treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). While a variety of substance types and outcomes have been assessed, exercise intensities have never been systematically examined. Consequently, it remains unclear whether particular forms of exercise are better suited to the treatment of these populations. Anaerobic exercise has been shown to have positive effects in populations with psychiatric disorders, but its effectiveness in the treatment of SUDs has to date not been reviewed.Methods: The aim of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate studies which have employed either an acute or chronic anaerobic exercise component as a therapy modality for SUDs. The primary outcomes are abstinence, craving, withdrawal, consumption, quality of life, and the following psychological symptoms and disorders: depression, anxiety, stress, and mood. A secondary objective is to assess whether the type of training described in the study protocol can be reliably categorized as anaerobic training.Results: Twenty-six studies are included in this review. Twelve studies addressed nicotine dependence, one addressed alcohol dependence, and 13 addressed dependence on various illicit drugs. Thirteen studies reported the intensity at which participants actually exercised, but only one employed a test to determine whether training was carried out above the anaerobic threshold (AT). The risk of bias in the included studies was generally high. Results of the studies were mixed, with the most positive effects being found for abstinence in nicotine dependence.Conclusion: The evidence for the effects of anaerobic exercise in SUDs is weak, although a tendency toward positive effects on abstinence in nicotine dependent individuals was observable. The majority of studies do not report data on exercise intensity, making a categorization of anaerobic exercise impossible in all but one case. This means that the effects of this form of exercise cannot be determined, and therefore not evaluated or compared with other forms. In order to improve the quality of evidence for exercise in SUD treatment, clearly defined and objectively assessed evaluations of anaerobic and anaerobic exercise are necessary.

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Section: Summary Of Main Findings Regarding Primary Outcomessupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Exercise Training in the Therapy of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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“…The impact of structured physical activity on behaviors at risk for cardiovascular diseases was also examined in different studies; however, no effects on alcohol use nor smoking habit were observed [ 94 , 95 ] and the effects on sedentary behaviors appeared to be uncertain [ 96 , 97 , 98 ].…”

Section: Physical Activity May Narrow the Mortality Gap Of Depressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity Promotes Health and Reduces Cardiovascular Mortality in Depressed Populations: A Literature Overview

Murri

Folesani

Zerbinati

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Major depression is associated with premature mortality, largely explained by heightened cardiovascular burden. This narrative review summarizes secondary literature (i.e., reviews and meta-analyses) on this topic, considering physical exercise as a potential tool to counteract this alarming phenomenon. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with depression consistently present heightened cardiovascular risk, including “classical” risk factors and dysregulation of pertinent homeostatic systems (immune system, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system). Ultimately, both genetic background and behavioral abnormalities contribute to explain the link between depression and cardiovascular mortality. Physical inactivity is particularly common in depressed populations and may represent an elective therapeutic target to address premature mortality. Exercise-based interventions, in fact, have proven effective reducing cardiovascular risk and mortality through different mechanisms, although evidence still needs to be replicated in depressed populations. Notably, exercise also directly improves depressive symptoms. Despite its potential, however, exercise remains under-prescribed to depressed individuals. Public health may be the ideal setting to develop and disseminate initiatives that promote the prescription and delivery of exercise-based interventions, with a particular focus on their cost-effectiveness.

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“…While concepts and methods continue to evolve, some early results related to smoking cessation and reducing problem drinking among individuals with mental health disorders show promise (87–89). However, at this stage, systematic reviews of the evidence on the effectiveness of exercise in promoting abstinence from smoking (60) or alcohol (58) indicate no beneficial effect. On the other hand, the effect of exercise on reducing the use of illegal substances is significant (90).…”

Section: Exercise Is Effective For the Physical Health Of Depressed Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise in Major Depression: Reducing the Mortality Gap While Improving Clinical Outcomes

et al. 2019

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Major depression shortens life while the effectiveness of frontline treatments remains modest. Exercise has been shown to be effective both in reducing mortality and in treating symptoms of major depression, but it is still underutilized in clinical practice, possibly due to prevalent misperceptions. For instance, a common misperception is that exercise is beneficial for depression mostly because of its positive effects on the body (“from the neck down”), whereas its effectiveness in treating core features of depression (“from the neck up”) is underappreciated. Other long-held misperceptions are that patients suffering from depression will not engage in exercise even if physicians prescribe it, and that only vigorous exercise is effective. Lastly, a false assumption is that exercise may be more harmful than beneficial in old age, and therefore should only be recommended to younger patients. This narrative review summarizes relevant literature to address the aforementioned misperceptions and to provide practical recommendations for prescribing exercise to individuals with major depression.

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Effect of exercise type on smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 45 publications

References 77 publications

Anaerobic Exercise Training in the Therapy of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review

Anaerobic Exercise Training in the Therapy of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review

Physical Activity Promotes Health and Reduces Cardiovascular Mortality in Depressed Populations: A Literature Overview

Physical Exercise in Major Depression: Reducing the Mortality Gap While Improving Clinical Outcomes

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