Effect of exercise training interventions on energy intake and appetite control in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Beaulieu, Kristine; Blundell, John; Baak, Marleen A. van; Battista, Francesca; Busetto, Luca; Carraça, Eliana V.; Dicker, Dror; Encantado, Jorge; Ermolao, Andrea; Farpour‐Lambert, Nathalie; Pramono, Adriyan; Woodward, Euan; Bellicha, Alice; Oppert, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1111/obr.13251

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Considering energy intake, identification of no mean effect is supported by recent research and reviews which have noted very little or no post-exercise change in older adults ( 13 , 35 , 40 ). This may be partially attributable to methodology, as some studies specifically instruct participants to maintain their regular diets ( 47 , 48 , 65 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some recent reviews and meta-analyses have probed questions related to exercise and appetite, they have differed significantly from this study in their aim and scope, having included a variety of interventions and measurements, participant ages, and population health statuses ( 35 , 40 , 83 , 84 ). As such, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the only comprehensive review on the effect of exercise on appetite in healthy older adult populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although previous systematic reviews have been conducted examining concepts similar to this question, the scope and goals of these reviews differed significantly and, by result, their search criteria varied considerably compared to the present study (13,35,40). Further, this review specifically aims to provide a summary of available research on the relationships between exercise, physical activity, and appetite within a reasonably healthy older adult population.…”

Section: Study Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Effects of Exercise on Appetite in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021

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Background: The effect of physical activity and exercise on hunger and satiety has been well-studied in younger adults, but the influence of aging is less understood. While some evidence suggests that acute bouts of exercise induce a compensatory eating drive, long-term activity may improve satiety sensitivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on appetite in older adults.Methods: We systematically reviewed available literature investigating the effect of exercise on appetite in older adults adults (CRD42020208953). PubMed, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, the Sports Medicine & Education Index, and Web of Science, were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English with no date restriction. Included studies implemented a primary exercise or physical activity intervention with a control group, on a generally healthy population ≥60 years of age. Selected studies included at least one appetite outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the 11-point Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool. Standardized mean difference summary statistics (Hedge's g effect sizes) and 95% confidence intervals were reported.Results: We identified 15 reports (13 studies) which met all inclusion criteria (5 resistance training, 3 aerobic, 6 mixed modalities). Studies included 443 participants (Age = 68.9 ± 5.2, 82.3% female) and had generally “good” bias scores (PEDro = 6.4 ± 0.88). Random effects meta-analyses revealed that the exercising group showed statistically significant reductions in glucose [SMD = −0.34 (95% CI: −0.67, −0.02), p < 0.05, PEDro =6.4 ± 0.45] and leptin [SMD = −0.92 (95% CI: −1.28, −0.57), p < 0.00001, PEDro = 6.2 ± 0.75].Discussion: This systematic review revealed that exercise and physical activity may modulate resting hunger and satiety in older adults. Decreases in fasting leptin and glucose hormones suggest that exercise promotes satiety sensitivity in adults aged 60+. This review highlights that engaging in exercise and activity programs may provide a meaningful avenue for improving chronic and functional disease burden in later life by promoting appetite control and balanced energy intake. Recommendations for future research include investigations of appetite in response to varied exercise modalities within more diverse and representative samples of older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Effects of Exercise on Appetite in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021

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“…The mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully clear, but may include effects of exercise on GI signals, increased capacity for de novo lipogenesis in the liver and a reduction in adipose tissue, increased insulin response to a glucose load, increased dietary fat oxidation in the muscle and preservation of muscle mass and increases in leptin and insulin sensitivity in the brain ( 22 ). A recent systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that exercise interventions do not lead to measurable increases in daily energy intake in people with overweight or obesity ( 23 ), which would support some of the suggested mechanisms. Another proposed mechanism is a higher FFM associated with a higher level of PA, which leads to a higher level of resting energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Weight Loss, and Weight Maintenance in the DiOGenes Multicenter Trial

Baak

Astrup

2021

Front. Nutr.

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In this secondary analysis of the DiOGenes study, we investigated whether physical activity (PA) contributes to diet-induced weight loss and helps to reduce subsequent regain. We also studied the associations of PA with changes in cardiometabolic variables. Adults with overweight were included and followed an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD). When successful (>8% weight loss), participants were randomized to different ad libitum diet groups and were advised to maintain their weight loss over the 6-month intervention period. Body weight (BW), body composition, cardiometabolic variables and subjectively-assessed PA were measured at baseline, at the end of weight loss and at the end of the intervention. BW was reduced by the LCD (from 99.8 ± 16.7 to 88.4 ± 14.9 kg; P < 0.001). This reduction was maintained during the weight maintenance period (89.2 ± 16.0 kg). Total PA (sum score of the three subscales of the Baecke questionnaire) increased during the weight loss period (from 8.16 ± 0.83 to 8.39 ± 0.78; P < 0.001) and this increase was subsequently maintained (8.42 ± 0.90). We found no evidence that baseline PA predicted weight loss. However, a higher level of baseline PA predicted a larger weight-loss-induced improvement in total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and CRP, and in post-prandial insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index). Subsequent weight and fat mass maintenance were predicted by the post-weight loss level of PA and associated with changes in PA during the weight maintenance phase. In conclusion, despite the fact that higher baseline levels of PA did not predict more weight loss during the LCD, nor that an increase in PA during the LCD was associated with more weight loss, higher PA levels were associated with more improvements in several cardiometabolic variables. The positive effect of higher PA on weight loss maintenance seems in contrast to randomized controlled trials that have not been able to confirm a positive effect of exercise training programmes on weight loss maintenance. This analysis supports the notion that higher self-imposed levels of PA may improve the cardiometabolic risk profile during weight loss and help to maintain weight loss afterwards.

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“…For this oversimplified perspective, some components should be considered, such as the food people consume or their daily physical activity management [1,2]. However, what a person eats, as well as the physical activity achieved, reflects a lifestyle conditioned by the environment where an individual lives (personal security to go outdoors or going to work by walking, which can condition the level of physical activity or sedentary habits) [1,3,4], access to quality food, food behavior, temperature, basal metabolic rate, and social isolation and stay at home messages, to mention a few [2,5]. In the end, these factors have an impact on the health of individuals for whom energy balance management is key to maintaining good nutritional status [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Imbalance Gap, Anthropometric Measures, Lifestyle, and Sociodemographic Correlates in Latin American Adults—Results from the ELANS Study

García

Cuenca

Ferrari

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Overweight and obesity are often explained by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. This, in addition to metabolic effects, makes it difficult to assess the real state of individual energy balance. This study aims to analyze the energy gaps between intake and expenditure in the adult population of Latin America, as well as its relationships with sociodemographic variables and nutrition status, to draw an epidemiological perspective based on the trends observed. The energy imbalance gap was used to this end. The difference between energy intake and expenditure can be applied as a reference to explain whether weight equilibrium can prevent weight gain. Moreover, the energy imbalance gap allows for a better understanding of the design of public health policies. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, the energy imbalance gap in adult population from eight Latin-American countries was assessed in 5994 subjects aged from 19–65. Usual dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. The sociodemographic questionnaire was supplemented by anthropometric measurements. Physical activity was measured through the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Energy expenditure was obtained using the basal metabolic rate. For the overall sample, the mean energy intake was 1939.1 kcal (95% CI: 1926.9; 1951.3), the mean of energy expenditure was 1915.7 kcal (95% CI: 1906.4; 1924.9), and the mean of energy imbalance gap was 23.4 kcal (95% CI: 11.9; 35.0). Results show that energy intake and expenditure were higher in men. Moreover, subjects aged 19–34, of high socioeconomic level, who completed high school, were mestizos and were of normal weight consumed the highest number of calories. Overall, a positive energy imbalance gap was observed. Overweight and obese from Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela showed a significantly lower energy imbalance gap than underweight subjects. These findings confirm the high variability of energy imbalance gap and the accompanying correlates of energy intake and expenditure. Further research is needed to specifically address interventions in low and middle-income countries such as many in Latin America, to help reduce the prevalence of obesity and eradicate undernutrition.

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Effect of exercise training interventions on energy intake and appetite control in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 90 publications

The Effects of Exercise on Appetite in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Effects of Exercise on Appetite in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Physical Activity, Weight Loss, and Weight Maintenance in the DiOGenes Multicenter Trial

Energy Imbalance Gap, Anthropometric Measures, Lifestyle, and Sociodemographic Correlates in Latin American Adults—Results from the ELANS Study

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