Effect of Exercise on Depression

North, Terry C.; McCullagh, Paul; Tran, Zung Vu

doi:10.1249/00003677-199001000-00016

Cited by 510 publications

(377 citation statements)

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“…Systematic reviews on the effect of exercise in general on depression have reported differing conclusions: Craft andPerna, 2004 andNorth et al, 1990 concluding that exercise results in overall benefit while Lawlor and Hopker (2001) concluded that the evidence was insufficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoga for depression: The research evidence

Pilkington

Kirkwood²,

Rampes

et al. 2005

Journal of Affective Disorders

397

269

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoga for depression: The research evidence

Pilkington

Kirkwood²,

Rampes

et al. 2005

Journal of Affective Disorders

397

269

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“…An analysis based on 80 studies demonstrated a positive correlation between physical activity and clinical depression, regardless of gender, age or health status [27], and regular exercise by patients after termination of anti-depressants, had lower depression scores than those who were sedentary [28]. On the whole about or regular physical activity participation results in enhanced psychological well-being.…”

Section: The Benefits Of Exercise For Overall Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

To exercise, or, not to exercise, during menopause and beyond

Stojanovska¹,

Apostolopoulos²,

Polman³

et al. 2014

Maturitas

101

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Menopausal symptoms in women can be severe and disruptive to overall quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy, is known to be effective in ameliorating symptoms, however, reporting of side effects has resulted in alternative treatment options. Exercise has been assessed as an alternative treatment option for alleviating menopausal symptoms, including, psychological, vasomotor, somatic and sexual symptoms. Here we report the effects of physical activity and exercise on menopause symptoms in menopausal women.

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“…Observational and intervention studies of young psychiatric patients suggest that aerobic exercise is superior to placebo or to no treatment in reducing depressive symptoms (Christmas & Andersen, 2000;North et al, 1990). Among adults with major depression, exercise interventions appear to be as efficacious as antidepressant medications (Blumenthal et al, 1999;McNeil et al, 1991) and psychotherapy (Freemont & Craighead, 1987;Klein et al, 1985) in reducing depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of minor depression in older adults: A pilot study comparing sertraline and exercise

Brenes

Williamson²,

Messier

et al. 2007

Aging & Mental Health

113

140

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot clinical trial to test the feasibility and efficacy of an exercise program and anti-depressant treatment compared with usual care in improving the emotional and physical functioning of older adults with minor depression. Participants were 37 older adults with minor depression who were randomized to exercise, sertraline, or usual care; 32 participants completed the 16 week study. Outcomes included measures of both emotional (clinician and selfreport) and physical (observed and self-report) functioning. There were trends for the superiority of the exercise and sertraline conditions over usual care in improving SF-36 mental health scores and clinician-rated depression scores. Individuals in the exercise condition showed greater improvements in physical functioning than individuals in the usual care condition. Both sertraline and exercise show promise as treatments for late-life minor depression. However, exercise has the added benefit of improving physical functioning as well.Minor depression, characterized by depressive symptoms which do not fulfill the severity requirement for major depression, is the most common type of depression experienced by older adults . In a recent Dutch community-based sample, Beekman and colleagues reported a 10% prevalence of minor depression compared with only a 2% prevalence of major depression in that sample. This is consistent with Tannock and Katona's findings (Tannock & Katona, 1995) that the incidence of minor depression increases with age. According to DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), minor depression is characterized by depressed mood or anhedonia and 1 to 3 of the following symptoms over a 2 week period: appetite disturbance, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation or retardation, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death.Minor depression is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. It is a risk factor for major depression (Kessler et al., 1997) and is associated with increased numbers of chronic diseases (Beekman et al., 1997), functional limitations (Beekman et al., 1997), increased severity of medical illness (Barefoot & Schroll, 1996;Koenig, 1997), increased service utilization (Callahan et al., 1994;Cuijpers et al., 2004;Wagner et al., 2000), and increased risk of mortality (Barefoot & Schroll, 1996;Enzell, 1984;Murphy et al., 1987; 1999a). In addition to functional limitations, physical disability is also a consequence of both minor and major depression. The risk for onset of disability in persons with late-life depression is significantly higher than in older adults without depression, and is similar or even greater than the risk for disability associated with other chronic illnesses (Penninx et al., 1999b). Furthermore, number of depressive symptoms is associated with increasing impairment in activities of daily living (Langa et al., 2004). Among those older adults with 1-3 symptoms of depression, 30% reported diffi...

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Effect of Exercise on Depression

Cited by 510 publications

References 0 publications

Yoga for depression: The research evidence

Yoga for depression: The research evidence

To exercise, or, not to exercise, during menopause and beyond

Treatment of minor depression in older adults: A pilot study comparing sertraline and exercise

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