Effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on vascular function and skeletal muscle microvascular deoxygenation

Abstract

This paper investigated the effects of unaccustomed eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) on macro‐ and microvascular function. We tested the hypotheses that resting local and systemic endothelial‐dependent flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and microvascular reactivity would decrease, V˙normalO2max would be altered, and that during ramp exercise, peripheral O2 extraction, evaluated via near‐infrared‐derived spectroscopy (NIRS) derived deoxygenated hemoglobin + myoglobin ([HHb]), would be distorted following EIMD. In 13 participants, measurements were performed prior to (Pre) and 48 h after a bout of knee extensor eccentric exercise designed to elicit localized muscle damage (Post). Flow‐mediated dilation and postocclusive reactive hyperemic responses measured in the superficial femoral artery served as a measurement of local vascular function relative to the damaged tissue, while the brachial artery served as an index of nonlocal, systemic, vascular function. During ramp‐incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer, [HHb] and tissue saturation (TSI%) in the m. vastus lateralis were measured. Superficial femoral artery FMD significantly decreased following EIMD (pre 6.75 ± 3.89%; post 4.01 ± 2.90%; P < 0.05), while brachial artery FMD showed no change. The [HHb] and TSI% amplitudes were not different following EIMD ([HHb]: pre, 16.9 ± 4.7; post 17.7 ± 4.9; TSI%: pre, 71.0 ± 19.7; post 71.0 ± 19.7; all P > 0.05). At each progressive increase in workload (i.e., 0–100% peak), the [HHb] and TOI% responses were similar pre‐ and 48 h post‐EIMD (P > 0.05). Additionally, V˙normalO2max was similar at pre‐ (3.0 ± 0.67 L min−1) to 48 h post (2.96 ± 0.60 L min−1)‐EIMD (P > 0.05). Results suggest that moderate eccentric muscle damage leads to impaired local, but not systemic, macrovascular dysfunction.

Lower cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

“…Baseline and post-cuff release time-averaged mean velocity (cm/s) values per 3 s were calculated with the manufacturer's on-screen software and time aligned with diameter to calculate shear rate [shear rate (s Ϫ1 ) ϭ 4 ϫ mean blood velocity (cm/s)/diameter (cm)]. After cuff deflation, the stimulus for arterial dilation was calculated as the area under the shear rate curve (AUCSR) with the trapezoid rule (7,32). The postocclusive reactive hyperemic response was assessed as the peak blood flow response following cuff release (15).…”

Mechanism and implications of hyperpnea exaggeration at the onset of exercise in mechanical hyperalgesia after eccentric exercise

“…What has an influence on O2 delivery and O2 utilization, which are factors having an influence on phase II τ, in a DOMS condition? At least local superficial femoral arterial function in the muscles forced to perform ECC was observed to be impaired 74) , though systemic circulatory response, e.g., HR 11,14,71,73) and arterial vascular function in nonlocal regions that are not affected by ECC 74) , is not likely to change after ECC. A few studies have suggested The subjects (n = 8) performed a series of 5-min square-wave transitions from rest to 60 or 90-W cycling exercises using a bicycle ergometer.…”

Studying the in vivo microcirculatory adaptation to isometric contraction (dorsiflexion) in the human lower limb

“…We are particularly interested in understanding the influence of local muscular activity in the microcirculatory adaptation to movement, a critical aspect of restoration of walking and a high priority for rehabilitation in some forms of stroke. The balance of microvascular dynamics is critical to understand the impact of muscle activity on the lower limb perfusion, and several studies have suggested that concentric plantar flexion changes local blood flow [3] . However, changes related with dorsiflexion activity have not been previously addressed.…”

“…However, changes related with dorsiflexion activity have not been previously addressed. Many of our daily life activities take place in the stuprightanding position and involve walking [3][4] . At the lower limbs extremities, calf muscles play a fundamental role in local vascular structures due to the external pressure exerted on the vessel walls, and that includes microcirculation [5] .…”

“…When walking, a regular alternation between contraction of plantarflexors and dorsiflexors takes place, which is reflected in cycles of contraction of antagonistic muscles. During dorsiflexion, there is a large decrease in the activity of the plantarflexors, which are considered the main calf muscular pump [3,5] . Additionally, the force required to perform plantarflexion is greater than for dorsiflexion, as it requires the ability to raise a larger weight against gravity.…”