“…This pathway is not induced by Fenton chemistry; rather it is related with iron-dependent enzymatic activities (Dixon et al, 2012). Indeed, inappropriate intracellular iron accumulation potentially damages a number of proteins such as Ca 2 + -ATPase (Kaplan et al, 1997; Moreau et al, 1998), glutamate transporter (Gnana-Prakasam et al, 2009; Yu et al, 2009; Mitchell et al, 2011), Na + /K + -ATPase (Kaplan et al, 1997; Strugatsky et al, 2003), and N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor (Nakamichi et al, 2002; Munoz et al, 2011), as well as oxidizes lipid such as cholesterol (Kraml et al, 2005; Graham et al, 2010; Shinkyo and Guengerich, 2011), ceramides (Yurkova et al, 2005), and sphingomyelin (Jenkins and Kramer, 1988; Isaac et al, 2006); all of which were proposed to ultimately cause synaptic dysfunction and neuronal cell death (Mattson, 2004). …”