Effect of Ethylene on Certain Chemical Changes Associated With the Ripening of Pears

Hansen, Elmer

doi:10.1104/pp.14.1.145

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At the end of cold storage, the fruit of ‘Abate Fetel’ collected from the four harvesting stages completed the ripening process, contrarily to what was previously observed by Hansen 32 and Nham et al 13 . These authors, in fact, reported that fruit of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pear cultivars presented a different capacity of ripening dependent to the maturity stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Wide transcriptional investigation unravel novel insights of the on-tree maturation and postharvest ripening of ‘Abate Fetel’ pear fruit

et al. 2019

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To decipher the transcriptomic regulation of the on-tree fruit maturation in pear cv. ‘Abate Fetel’, a RNA-seq transcription analysis identified 8939 genes differentially expressed across four harvesting stages. These genes were grouped into 11 SOTA clusters based on their transcriptional pattern, of which three included genes upregulated while the other four were represented by downregulated genes. Fruit ripening was furthermore investigated after 1 month of postharvest cold storage. The most important variation in fruit firmness, production of ethylene and volatile organic compounds were observed after 5 days of shelf-life at room temperature following cold storage. The role of ethylene in controlling the ripening of ‘Abate Fetel’ pears was furthermore investigated through the application of 1-methylcyclopropene, which efficiently delayed the progression of ripening by reducing fruit softening and repressing both ethylene and volatile production. The physiological response of the interference at the ethylene receptor level was moreover unraveled investigating the expression pattern of 12 candidate genes, initially selected to validate the RNA-seq profile. This analysis confirmed the effective role of the ethylene competitor in downregulating the expression of cell wall (PG) and ethylene-related genes (ACS, ACO, ERS1, and ERS2), as well as inducing one element involved in the auxin signaling pathway (Aux/IAA), highlighting a possible cross-talk between these two hormones. The expression patterns of these six elements suggest their use as molecular toolkit to monitor at molecular level the progression of the fruit on-tree maturation and postharvest ripening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Wide transcriptional investigation unravel novel insights of the on-tree maturation and postharvest ripening of ‘Abate Fetel’ pear fruit

et al. 2019

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“…The respiratory response following application of ethylene to oranges, grapefruit, and lemons at all stages of growth and development is typical of nonclimacteric fruits; even senescent citrus fruit respond. The application of ethylene to postclimacteric apples (13), pears (12), and bananas (10) did not stimulate the respiratory rate. The "climacteric" rise reported by Trout et al (1960) for oranges at 4.4 to 10 C may be, as the authors indicated, a response to chilling injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Response, Ethylene Production, and Response to Ethylene of Citrus Fruit during Ontogeny

Eaks¹

1970

Plant Physiol.

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The initial respiratory rates at 20 centrigrade of detached oranges (Valencia and navel), grapefruit, and lemons decreased during ontogeny. Small attached oranges respired at the same rate as detached fruits of the same weight, and cutting the pedicel produced no shock or injury stimulus to the respiratory rate. Small oranges and grapefruit (average weight about 15 grams) showed pseudoclimacteric respiratory patterns and produced ethylene. The height of the respiratory rise and the amount of ethylene produced decreased as the fruit increased in weight until the September 4th harvest, when the fruit weights were 120, 64, and 87 grams for grapefruit, Valencia, and navel oranges, respectively; at that time no respiratory rise or ethylene production was observed. The pattern for all subsequent harvest revealed no postharvest rise in the respiratory rates. Lemon fruit, in contrast, had a continuously decreasing respiratory rate at all stages of ontogeny. Exposure to 20 microliters of ethylene per liter induced an increase in the respiratory rate of all varieties at every stage of ontogeny; this was true also in young oranges and grapefruit following their respiratory rise and decline.Evidence is presented that citrus fruits are nonclimacteric fruits.The postharvest respiratory response of citrus fruits is a subject of considerable controversy. Biale (3, 4) classified citrus as nonclimacteric based on the respiratory pattern of mature fruit. Trout et al. (22) reported evidence of a climacteric rise for oranges at 4.4 to 10 C, especially for fruit picked early in the season. Recently, Aharoni (1) presented respiratory patterns for small oranges and grapefruit that were similar to those displayed by typical climacteric fruit; in addition, the production of ethylene by small oranges paralleled the respiratory pattern of climacteric fruit. However, as the fruit approached maturity, no climactericlike respiratory pattern was observed. The initial respiratory rates of citrus fruit, during their development showed a rapid decline in the early stages of fruit growth followed by a gradual decline as the fruit became larger (1, 2, 21); but determinations were delayed after harvest, and so the rates may not represent rates of those exhibited while fruit was on the tree or immediately after harvest. The occurrence of the climacteric on the plant, by determination of the respiratory rate immediately after fruit detachment, has been reported for apples (14,15), tomatoes (11), apricots (5), and olives (18). It appears that true climacteric fruits demonstrate this phenomenon on the plant; therefore, the classification of citrus is still undetermined.Reported here are respiratory responses of orange, grapefruit, and lemon fruits, also the response of attached orange fruits, and the effect of detachment of orange fruits. The results are discussed relative to the changes during growth and development and in relation to the problem of the climacteric or nonclimacteric nature of citrus fruit. MATERIAILS AND METHODSThe fruits used ...

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“…However, most European pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) have some resistance to ripening that can induce non-uniform ripening after harvest (Villalobos-Acuna and Mitcham, 2008). Although 'Bartlett' pears are less resistant to ripening compared to winter pears such as 'Comice' and 'd'Anjou' (Villalobos-Acuna and Mitcham, 2008), early season 'Bartlett' pears usually fail to ripen uniformly (Hansen, 1939) and sometimes stay > 80 N after 9 d (Agar et al, 2000b). Ethylene treatment (e.g., 100 µL L -1 at 20 °C for 24 h) can be used to induce and speed up the ripening process (Agar et al, 2000a(Agar et al, , 2000bHansen, 1939;Wang et al, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model to predict ripening capacity of ‘Bartlett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) based on relative expression of genes associated with the ethylene pathway

Nham

Willits

Negre-Zakharov

et al. 2017

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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Resistance to ripening in European pears depends on various preharvest and postharvest factors. Exposure to cold temperatures has been demonstrated to condition pears to produce endogenous ethylene and ripen. Mature green 'Bartlett' pears were exposed to 0, 5, or 10 °C for 2 to 14 d to induce different rates of ripening. At higher temperatures, expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes (ACS1a and ACO) and ethylene receptor genes (ETR2, ERS1a, and ETR1a) increased, while CTR1 expression decreased. Multiple linear regressions between relative expression of these genes after 0 d and fruit firmness after 6 d during ripening at 20 °C were conducted. Using K-fold cross validation and conventional validation, it appears that expression of ACO could be utilized as an early predictor of pear ripening capacity.

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Effect of Ethylene on Certain Chemical Changes Associated With the Ripening of Pears

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Wide transcriptional investigation unravel novel insights of the on-tree maturation and postharvest ripening of ‘Abate Fetel’ pear fruit

Wide transcriptional investigation unravel novel insights of the on-tree maturation and postharvest ripening of ‘Abate Fetel’ pear fruit

Respiratory Response, Ethylene Production, and Response to Ethylene of Citrus Fruit during Ontogeny

A model to predict ripening capacity of ‘Bartlett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) based on relative expression of genes associated with the ethylene pathway

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