Effect of Ethanol Solvents on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Varieties and Determination of Phenolic Composition by HPLC-ESI-MS

Abstract

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants grown for its leaves and seeds that are used for both culinary and medicinal purpose. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration (30, 50, 70 and 96% (v/v) of ethanol in water) as a solvent for the extraction of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant properties (antiradical activity (ARA), transition metal reducing power (TMRP), iron chelating ability (ICA)) of seed extracts of spring variety Ovari 4 (FSV) and winter variety PSZ.G.SZ (FWV) fenugreek, and separate and identify the major phenolics of the extracts by HPLC-ESI-MS. The results indicated that 70% ethanol solution resulted in the maximum amount of TPC for both FSV and FWV seeds. The TPC decreased in the treatments in the following order: 70% ethanol > 96% ethanol > 50% ethanol > 30% ethanol, whereas extraction yield changed in a different manner: 30% ethanol > 50% ethanol > 70% ethanol > 96% ethanol. The extracts from seeds of both fenugreek varieties obtained with 70% and 96% ethanol showed equal high RSA while superior TMRP and ICA were observed in 70% ethanol extracts. The TMRP and ICA were strongly correlated with TPC for both varieties. The correlation between RSA and TPC was high, but not significant. Thus, the obtained data indicate the 70% ethanol solvent suitability for efficient extraction of phenolic compounds from seeds of the FWV and FSV. According to an HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, the polyphenolic profiles of fenugreek are presumably formed by flavone C-glycosides with apigenin or luteolin as aglycone linked with different glycones. High antioxidant activity of FWV seeds can be an adaptation to cold stress of the winter variety aimed at strengthening the antioxidant defense of the germinating seeds.

Chemical Fingerprinting, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum

“…Ion source parameters, including flow rate of drying gas was maintained to 10 L/min, while VCap, octapole RF peak voltages, fragmentor, and skimmer were maintained to 3500, 740, 150, and 65 V, respectively, and mass range was 150–1200 Da. MS/MS fragmentation was acquired at selected precursor ions of each peak [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Evaluation of the Effect of Grape Seed Extract (GSE) on Oral Mucositis in Patients with Head and Neck Radiotherapy History- A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Patients in both groups were comfortable with using mouthwashes and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. The flavonoids in grape seed extract by applying antioxidant effects (41) can partially explain the analgesic effects of grape seed in this study. Nallathambi et al showed grape seed extraction increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes significantly.…”

An In-Depth Study on the Metabolite Profile and Biological Properties of Primula auriculata Extracts: A Fascinating Sparkle on the Way from Nature to Functional Applications

“…Overall, in agreement with our results, the polar solvent extracts from Primula species showed greater radical scavenging abilities than nonpolar solvent extracts. Recent studies have shown that alcohol and hydroalcoholic extracts have a great potential to extract more phenolic compounds from plant samples [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. In addition, several authors reported the free radical scavenging abilities of some Primula species [ 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”