Effect of Ethanol on Cadmium Uptake and Metabolism of Zinc and Copper in Rats Exposed to Cadmium

Science of The Total Environment

et al. 2011

The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been increased among people who possess habit of tobacco smoking. In the present study, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were determined in scalp hair samples of smokers and nonsmokers RA patients, residents of Dublin, Ireland. For comparison purposes scalp hair samples of age and sex matched healthy smokers and nonsmokers were also analyzed. The concentrations of understudied elements were measured by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer, prior to microwave assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of methodology was checked using certified reference material (NCS ZC 81002b) and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same certified reference material and on real samples. The mean hair Zn, Cu and Mn contents were significantly lower in smokers and nonsmokers RA patients as compared to healthy individuals (p = 0.01-0.001). Whereas the concentrations of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of RA patients of both group (p <0.001). The referent smokers have high level of Cd and Pb in their scalp hair samples as compared to those had not smoking tobacco (p <0.01). The ratio of Cd and Pb to Zn, Cu and Mn in scalp hair samples was also calculated. The Cd/Zn ratio was higher in smoker RA patients with re-lated to nonsmoker RA and referents. This study is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between toxic elements, cigarette smoking, deficiency of essential trace elements and risk of arthritis.

Section: -Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association between essential trace and toxic elements in scalp hair samples of smokers rheumatoid arthritis subjects

Science of The Total Environment

et al. 2011

“…It was also consistent with another study that smokers generally exhibit significantly higher Cd, Ni, Pb,Fe and Cu body burdens than non-smokers, while smoking with alcohol consumption enhance the Cd, Ni, Pb, Fe and Cu absorption and accumulation in all the tissues [23]. The results suggested that although these toxic elements (Cd, Ni,Pb) pose a hazard to essential trace metal homeostasis of various organs, co-exposure can pose a major threat, while consumption of ethanol may absorb much more Cd and Pb than their unexposed counterparts [42]. This study revealed that the level of Zn was low in scalp hair samples of diabetic smokers and alcohol consumers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interaction between essential trace and toxic elements in the scalp hair samples of smokers and alcohol user diabetics

Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries

et al. 2012

In the present study, trace and toxic elements were determined in the Scalp Hair (SH) samples of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) who were smokers and habitual alcohol drinkers living in Dublin, Ireland. The concentrations of elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology was checked using Certified Reference Material (CRM) (NCS ZC 81002b) and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same CRM. The results of this study showed that the mean values of cadmium, copper, iron, nickel and lead were significantly higher (P<0.001), in scalp hair samples of diabetic patients as compared to referents of both gender. While the smokers and alcohol drinker referents and DM patients have two to three time higher values of these elements than those subjects who were not smokers and teetotallers. The concentrations of zinc, chromium and manganese were lower in the scalp hair samples of diabetic patients as compared to referents. The deficiency of zinc, chromium and manganese, while the high exposure of cadmium, lead and nickel, as a result of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, may be synergistic with risk factors associated with diabetes.

“…It was also consistent with another study that smokers generally exhibit significantly higher Cd, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Cu body burdens than nonsmokers, while smoking with alcohol consumption enhance the Cd, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Cu absorption and accumulation in all the tissues [33]. The results suggested that although these toxic elements (Cd, Ni, and Pb) pose a hazard to essential trace metal homeostasis of various organs, co-exposure can pose a major threat, while consumption of ethanol may absorb much more Cd and Pb than their unexposed counterparts [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Essential Trace and Toxic Elements in Scalp Hair Samples of Smokers and Alcohol User Hypertensive Patients

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

The incidence of hypertension has been associated to cigarette smoking and consumption of alcohol. In the present study, trace and toxic elements were determined in scalp hair of patients diagnosed with hypertension who are smokers and habitual alcohol drinkers living in Dublin, Ireland. These results were compared with age-and sex-matched healthy, nonsmokers, nondrinking controls. The concentrations of trace and toxic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference material (NCS ZC 81002b) and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same certified reference material and on real samples. The recovery of all the studied elements was found to be in the range of 97.5%-99.7% in certified reference material. The results of this study showed that the mean values of cadmium, copper, iron, nickel and lead were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of both smoker and nonsmoker hypertensive patients than referents (P<0.001), whereas, the concentration of zinc was lower in the scalp hair samples of hypertensive patients of both genders. The deficiency of zinc and the high exposure of trace and toxic metals as a result of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption may be synergistic with risk factors associated with hypertension.