Effect of estrogen on ovalbumin gene expression in differentiated nontarget tissues

Tsai, Sophia Y.; Tsai, Ming‐Jer; Lin, Chin‐Tarng; O’Malley, Bert W.

doi:10.1021/bi00592a032

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The cyclization has been shown to proceed stereospecifically, with inversion of configuration at the phosphorus atom (Jarvest et al, 1981). In a preliminary experiment cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was shown to hydrolyse cyclic Tsai, 1979;Tsai et al, 1980 (Jarvest et al, 1981); the 31p n.m.r. spectrum is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stereochemical investigation of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and the (Sp)-and (Rp)-diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3′:5′-phosphorothioate by bovine heart and baker's-yeast cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases

Jarvest¹,

Lowe²,

Baraniak³

et al. 1982

Biochemical Journal

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Bovine heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, which has a requirement for Mg2+, hydrolyses cyclic AMP with inversion of configuration at the phosphorus atom, but only the (Sp)-diastereoisomer of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-phosphorothioate is hydrolysed by this enzyme. By contrast, the low-affinity yeast cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, which contains tightly bound Zn2+, hydrolyses both the (Sp)- and the (Rp)-diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-phosphorothioate, the (Rp)-diastereoisomer being the preferred substrate under V max. conditions. Both of the diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-phosphorothioate, as well as cyclic AMP, are hydrolysed with inversion of configuration at the phosphorus atom by the yeast enzyme. It is proposed that, with both enzymes, the bivalent metal ion co-ordinates with the phosphate residue of the substrate, and that hydrolysis is catalysed by a direct "in-line' mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stereochemical investigation of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and the (Sp)-and (Rp)-diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3′:5′-phosphorothioate by bovine heart and baker's-yeast cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases

Jarvest¹,

Lowe²,

Baraniak³

et al. 1982

Biochemical Journal

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“…Again, 31P-NMR was used to check the purity of the product, and the enrichment with 1 7 0 on the P-phosphate was estimated to be about 40-50 %. 40 -50 [9].…”

Section: Synthesis ~F "~O -E N R I C H E D Nucleotidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of the EF‐Tu · GDP · Me²⁺ Complex

Wittinghofer

Goody

Roesch

et al. 1982

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The structure of the MgGDP complex at the active site of elongation factor (EF-Tu) has been investigated by using phosphorothioate analogs of G D P in the absence and presence of various metal ions, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The high stereoselectivity of EF-Tu for the diastereomers of guanosine 5'-0-( 1-thiodiphosphate) (GDP[xS]) is independent of the nature of the metal ion and is caused by the interaction of the protein with the a-phosphate of GDP. By using G D P analogs where the oxygens at either thea-phosphate or thep-phosphate have been selectively labelled with 170 and measuring their effect on the EPR spectrum of EF-Tu-bound manganese we are able to show that only the /?-phosphate of G D P is coordinated to the metal ion in the EF-Tu . Me2+ . GDPcomplex. 31P-NMR studies on G D P and guanosine 5'-0-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP[/?S]) bound to EF-Tu indicate that in the EF-Tu Me2+ G D P complex Mgz+ interacts more strongly with the /?-phosphate than with the a-phosphate. Together with binding studies using GDP[/?S] our N M R results also indicate that the protein is complexed to the b-phosphorous of G D P via two oxygens.Pure diastereomeric thiophosphate analogs of ADP and ATP have been prepared [I] and it has been found that enzymes which interact with these analogs usually have a pronounced specificity for one diastereomer [2,3]. Recently Goody and Leberman [4] have prepared GDP [BS] and the diastereoisomers of GDP [aS] and studied their interaction with polypeptide elongation factor (EF-Tu) from Eschevichia coli. From their results they concluded that a a,p-bidentate MgGDP complex is the substrate recognized by EF-Tu and that the interaction of G D P with the enzyme at the /?-phosphate might involve two non-bridging oxygens. Here we describe a study of the affinity of these thiophosphate analogs to EF-Tu from Bacillus stearothermophilus which, because of its inherent stability in the nucleotide and metalfree form ), is better suited than EF-Tu from E. cofi for these measurements. The results obtained in the absence and presence of various metal ions render the first conclusion of Goody and Leberman unlikely, but support the second one. We conclude from these studies that Mg . G D P is bound as its P-monodentate complex.By making use of the spectrum of manganese ion bound to EF-Tu in the presence of 170-enriched analogs of GDP, we confirm that our model is correct and that in the active site of EF-Tu there is an interaction of the G D P with Mn2+ only via the /?-phosphate group. Further confirmation of our model is provided by 3'P-NMR studies on complexes between EF-Tu, nucleotides, and magnesium ions. MATERIALS AND METHODSUnless otherwise stated, all materials were commercially available. The G D P thiophosphate analogs GDP[xS] isomers A and B and GDP[jS] were prepared as described [4].

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“…For instance, actin, which was considered as musclespecific, has been found in blood platelets, fibroblasts, spermatozoa and nerve cells (Pollard and Weihig, 1974). Leucocytes and glial cells contain both actin and myosin (Orkin et al, 1973); ovalbumine RNA in liver, spleen, heart and brain (Tsai et al, 1979); insulin in all organs of the 14-day rat embryo and after birth (Clark and Rutter, 1967). The presence of latent luxury metabolic strategies in tissues explains their ability to undergo transdifferentiation.…”

Section: Biochemical Aspects Of Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of automation in animal development: confrontation of the concept of cell sociology with biochemical data

Chandebois

1981

Acta Biotheor

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The principles of automation in animal development, as previously inferred from the concept of Cell Sociology do not fit in well with the current concept of sequential genet derepression. A more adequate explanation for those principles has been found in the literature dealing with the biochemical aspects of differentiation. Since oocytes and embryonic cells contain a greater variety of mRNAs than differentiated cells, as well as many tissue-specific (luxury) substances, it is concluded that the diversification of tissues consists of a progressive selection of specific metabolic strategies, mediated by cell-to-cell contacts, from a broad range of pre-existing strategies. For each tissue, prior to its final determination, one luxury metabolic strategy is progressively intensified and becomes dominant. The others are either suppressed or maintained as latent metabolic strategies. The latter may on occasion become dominant again (transdifferentiation). These phenomena require a theory which considers gene regulation as the activation of otherwise repressed genes by specific activator RNAs. The high (apparently maximal) transcriptional activity on the lampbrush chromosomes may represent the synthesis of all the kinds of activator RNAs which are required for the reactivation of the genes during early development. A general conception is propounded of the automatism and programming of animal development, as inferred from the confrontation of these ideas with the concept of Cell Sociology.

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Effect of estrogen on ovalbumin gene expression in differentiated nontarget tissues

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

A stereochemical investigation of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and the (Sp)-and (Rp)-diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3′:5′-phosphorothioate by bovine heart and baker's-yeast cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases

A stereochemical investigation of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and the (Sp)-and (Rp)-diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3′:5′-phosphorothioate by bovine heart and baker's-yeast cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases

The Structure of the EF‐Tu · GDP · Me²⁺ Complex

The problem of automation in animal development: confrontation of the concept of cell sociology with biochemical data

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Effect of estrogen on ovalbumin gene expression in differentiated nontarget tissues

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

A stereochemical investigation of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and the (Sp)-and (Rp)-diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3′:5′-phosphorothioate by bovine heart and baker's-yeast cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases

A stereochemical investigation of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and the (Sp)-and (Rp)-diastereoisomers of adenosine cyclic 3′:5′-phosphorothioate by bovine heart and baker's-yeast cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases

The Structure of the EF‐Tu · GDP · Me2+ Complex

The problem of automation in animal development: confrontation of the concept of cell sociology with biochemical data

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The Structure of the EF‐Tu · GDP · Me²⁺ Complex