Effect of Estrogen Alone and in Combination With Testosterone on the Body and Organ Weights and the Arginase and Phosphatases of the Organs of the Mouse

Kochakian, Charles D.; Garber, E. E.; Bartlett, Mary N.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1948.155.2.265

Cited by 25 publications

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“…However, the sex hormones of both genders have been reported to increase the renal AII activity by different magnitudes in mouse kidneys. On the one hand, injections of low, rather than high, doses of estrogens (a-estradiol) induced AII activity, but to a lower extent than testosterone [15,17]. On the other hand, injections of pharmacological doses of testosterone clearly induce a marked increased in AII activity in female and castrated male mice [16,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and differential expression of arginase II in the kidney of male and female mice

Levillain

Balvay

Peyrol

2004

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Arginase II (AII) has been almost exclusively studied in male mammalian kidneys. Our investigations were conducted to localize AII gene expression in the female mouse kidney, and to analyze the differential expression of AII gene at the transcriptional and translational levels in the kidneys of female and male mice. Total RNAs and soluble proteins extracted from renal zones and whole kidneys were analyzed by Northern and Western blots, respectively. Mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins were analyzed by Western blot. L-[guanidino-14C]arginine hydrolysis by AII was detected in microdissected tubules and the 14CO2 released from [14C]urea hydrolysis was quantified. The results of these experiments showed that: (1) both AII mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the deep cortex and the outer stripe of the outer medulla, (2) urea was produced mainly in the proximal straight tubules (PST), (3) the 38-kDa AII protein was more abundant in the mitochondria than the cytosol, and (4) the renal content of AII mRNA and protein was about three-fold higher in female than in male mice. In conclusion, in both genders, AII gene expression is restricted to the PST and localized into mitochondria. AII gene is differentially expressed in the kidney of female and male mice since higher levels of AII mRNA, protein and activity were observed in the kidneys of the former than those of the latter. Renal AII gene expression was gender-dependent in mice but not in rats. Finally, in the PST of females, L-arginine-derived ornithine may be a precursor for the renal production of L -glutamate and L-glutamine because high levels of AII, ornithine aminotransferase and glutamine synthetase are expressed in this nephron segment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and differential expression of arginase II in the kidney of male and female mice

Levillain

Balvay

Peyrol

2004

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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“…Thus rat liver has an active urea cycle, rat kidney does not (Ratner & Petrack, 1953;Jones et al, 1961). Steroid hormones administered to castrated male mice and rats increased kidney arginase up to eightfold without effect on the enzyme in liver (Kochakian, 1944(Kochakian, , 1947Kochakian et al, 1948). The point of departure of the present study was a comparison of some properties of preparations of these enzymes.…”

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confidence: 85%

Purification and properties of arginase of rat kidney

Kaysen

Strecker

1973

Biochemical Journal

143

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l-Arginase from rat kidney was partially purified and some properties were compared with those of l-arginase of rat liver. The kidney enzyme was firmly bound to the mitochondrial fraction and after solubilization required arginine or an unknown factor in tissue extracts for stabilization after dialysis. The two enzymes differed also in stability with respect to acetone treatment, heating or freezing. In further contrast with liver arginase, arginase from kidney was not adsorbed to CM-cellulose at pH7.5 and its activity was not increased by incubation with Mn(2+). Other differences were seen in relative specificities for substrates, ratio of hydrolysis rates with high and low concentrations of arginine and effects of certain inhibitors. Antisera prepared to pure liver arginase did not cross-react with partially purified kidney arginase.

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“…Administration of RMI 12,936 but not testosterone was also associated with a slight increase in arginase activity in the androgen-insensitive tfm/y mice. Oestradiol will also stimulate arginase activity in mouse kidney (Kochakian, Garber & Bartlett, 1948) and RMI 12,936 has been reported to have some oestrogenic action (Kendle, 1975). Since tfm/y mice have intact renal oestrogen receptors (Bullock & Bardin, 1975), it is possible that an oestrogenic effect could have caused the arginase response in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgenic effects of the antiprogestagen RMI 12,936

et al. 1978

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RMI 12,936 (7alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxy-androst-5-en-one) was tested for androgenic activity in mouse kidney and for antiprogestational activity in guinea-pig uterus. RMI 12,936 stimulated an increase in kidney weight and in the activity of the androgen-responsive renal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase, alcohol dehydrogenase and arginase. RMI 12,936 was bound by the renal androgen receptor with a relative affinity approximately one-third that of testosterone. Although RMI 12,936 did not stimulate glycogen accumulation in guinea-pig endometrium in vivo, it was active in endometrial organ culture. When RMI 12,936 was combined with progesterone, glycogen accumulation in vitro was partly inhibited. RMI 12,936 was bound by the guinea-pig uterine progesterone receptor with a relative affinity of less than 1%. It is concluded that RMI 12,936 is an androgenic steroid with antifertility actions and in-vitro antiglycogenic activity.

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Effect of Estrogen Alone and in Combination With Testosterone on the Body and Organ Weights and the Arginase and Phosphatases of the Organs of the Mouse

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Localization and differential expression of arginase II in the kidney of male and female mice

Localization and differential expression of arginase II in the kidney of male and female mice

Purification and properties of arginase of rat kidney

Androgenic effects of the antiprogestagen RMI 12,936

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