Effect of Essential Oils on the Oxyntopeptic Cells and Somatostatin and Ghrelin Immunoreactive Cells in the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gastric Mucosa

Abstract

The current work was designed to assess the effect of feed supplemented with essential oils (EOs) on the histological features in sea bass’s gastric mucosa. Fish were fed three diets: control diet (CTR), HERBAL MIX® made with natural EOs (N-EOs), or HERBAL MIX® made with artificial EOs obtained by synthesis (S-EOs) during a 117-day feeding trial. Thereafter, the oxyntopeptic cells (OPs) and the ghrelin (GHR) and somatostatin (SOM) enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the gastric mucosa were evaluated. The Na+K+-ATPase antibody was used to label OPs, while, for the EECs, anti-SOM and anti-GHR antibody were used. The highest density of OP immunoreactive (IR) area was in the CTR group (0.66 mm2 ± 0.1). The OP-IR area was reduced in the N-EO diet group (0.22 mm2 ± 1; CTR vs. N-EOs, p < 0.005), while in the S-EO diet group (0.39 mm2 ± 1) a trend was observed. We observed an increase of the number of SOM-IR cells in the N-EO diet (15.6 ± 4.2) compared to that in the CTR (11.8 ± 3.7) (N-EOs vs. CTR; p < 0.05), but not in the S-EOs diet. These observations will provide a basis to advance current knowledge on the anatomy and digestive physiology of this species in relation to pro-heath feeds.

Effects of Bioactive Peptides from Atlantic Salmon Processing By-Products on Oxyntopeptic and Enteroendocrine Cells of the Gastric Mucosa of European Seabass and Gilthead Seabream

“…Specificity for Na + K + -ATPase, GHR and SOM antibodies was previously demonstrated by Mazzoni et al [54]. The specificity of the NPY antibodies was demonstrated by the absence of immunostaining when the antibodies were preabsorbed with an excess of the homologous peptide.…”

Screening of Microplastics in Aquaculture Systems (Fish, Mussel, and Water Samples) by FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Micro-Raman Spectroscopies

“…Interestingly, the surface oxygen content of these MPs, on average, was slightly higher than that of those recovered from seawater. This could be attributed to the fact that the gastrointestinal tract of both the sea bass and the sea bream maintains an acidic environment [96,97], which could facilitate the oxidation of MPs as well as the applied digestion process, which is also an oxidative technique. Apart from carbon and oxygen, other elements were also detected on the surface of MPs (Figure 11) but in lower atomic concentrations (Table 2).…”

Pharmacological targeting of gastric mucosal barrier with traditional Chinese medications for repairing gastric mucosal injury

“…Moreover, several types of K ion channels, serving as alternative targets of H + /K + -ATPase can precisely and rapidly inhibit of acid secretion independently of pump activity, which can be achieved by regulating Ca 2+ -ATPase or by competitively inhibiting H + /K + -ATPase activity. For example, a study has verified that Na + /K + -ATPase ion channel corresponds with H + /K + -ATPase in NEO and lessens parietal cell secretion by competitively combining with K + to restrain K + exchange in H + /K + -ATPase ( Mazzoni, et al, 2021 ), as supported by the considerable homology (∼60% identity) of the H + /K + -ATPase α subunit with the Na + /K + -ATPase catalytic α subunit. Hence, many researchers believe that Na + /K + -ATPase can act as a valid marker for oxyntopeptic cells, and it is expected to become a new and prospective alternative target for drugs to treat GMI.…”