Effect of epidural administration of lidocaine, fentanyl and their combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of halothane in dogs

Abstract

The efficacy of lidocaine, fentanyl, combination of both (2 mg/kg of lidocaine, along with fentanyl in the dose of 0.005 mg/kg) and saline (as a control) administered epidurally to 40 healthy dogs was under investigation, regarding their influence on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane. Basic vital parameters, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and end-tidal partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> were recorded. Minimum alveolar concentration of halothane after administration of lidocaine (0.75 ± 0.24%), or the lidocaine/fentanyl combination (0.43 ± 0.08%) was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.05) compare to control group (1.15 ± 0.20%). However, we have not found significant difference in the group given fentanyl alone (0.95 ± 0.35%) compare to control group. Mutual relationship between epidurally given lidocaine and fentanyl (same route of administration) can be called as simply additive. There were no significant deviations in basic parameters within groups. We conclude that epidural administration of combination of these drugs we are able to reduce the dose of general anesthetics, which is important in management of critically ill patients.

Serum lidocaine concentration after epidural administration in dogs

“…In our study, we used 4 mg/kg of lidocaine, individual peak serum concentration (C max ) ranged between 1.5 and 4.31 µg/ml, with a mean of 2.86 ± 0.96 µg/ml, and no changes in heart rate and blood pressure were observed. These findings are consistent with the data reported by Peters et al (1991) and Rauser et al (2004), who observed no significant HR and MAP alteration after epidural administration of lidocaine in dogs either.…”

“…It is useful in caudal surgery as well as in caudal abdominal and/or perineal region (Pascoe, 1992;Rauser et al, 2004). A previous clinical trial has indicated that epidural anesthesia used in combination with light general anesthesia might reduce the rate of postoperative complications (Yeager et al, 1987).…”

Efficiency of Epidurally Injected lidocaine, lidocaine and Morphine or Lidocaine and Tramadol for Postoperative Analgesia in Dogs Following Orchiectomy and Ovariohysterectomy

“…This way binding for specific receptors is maximized, resulting in more potent analgesia with reduction of total dose comparing to the used drug systemic administration (Torske and Dyson 2000). In addition, EA reduces stress response to surgery through prevention of the endocrine and metabolic response to trauma (Desborough 2000); and significantly reduces the dose of injection and volatile general anaesthetics (Hodgson et al 1999;Rauser et al 2004;Tusell et al 2005;Almeida et al 2007;Qayyum et al 2020). In dogs, it is advocated for different surgical procedures caudal to the diaphragm (Wetmore and Glowaski, 2000;Valverde, 2008).…”