Effect of Environmental Stresses on S-Layer Production in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

Khaleghi, Moj; Kermanshahi, R Kasra

doi:10.5772/28334

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…While our data do not reveal significant differences in the abundance of predicted S-layer proteins between N 2 and CO 2 , existing literature from Bacillus strains indicate that S-layers may facilitate acclimation to acid and CO 2 stress (57, 58, 73, 74). S-layers also play a role in cell adhesion, virulence, and membrane stability as they form a protein lattice on the cell surface (59, 75).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO₂and may promote acclimation to associated stresses

et al. 2018

Preprint

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24Recent demonstration that multiple Bacillus strains grow in batch bioreactors containing 25 supercritical (sc) CO 2 (i.e. >73 atm, >31˚C) is surprising given the recognized roles of scCO 2 as 26 a sterilant and solvent. Growth under scCO 2 is of interest for biotechnological applications and 27 for microbially-enhanced geologic carbon sequestration. We hypothesize that Bacillus spp. may 28 alter cell wall and membrane composition in response to scCO 2 -associated stresses. In this study, 29 protein expression and membrane lipids of B. subterraneus MITOT1 were profiled in cultures 30 grown under headspaces of 1 and 100 atm of CO 2 or N 2 . Growth under 100 atm CO 2 revealed 31 significantly decreased fatty acid branching and increased fatty acyl chain lengths relative to 1 32 atm cultures. Proteomes of MITOT1 grown under 1 and 100 atm pressures of CO 2 and N 2 were 33 similar (Spearman R>0.65), and principal component analysis revealed variation by treatment 34 with the first two principal components corresponding to headspace gas (CO 2 or N 2 ) and pressure 35(1 atm and 100 atm), respectively. Amino acid metabolic proteins were enriched under CO 2 , 36 including the glycine cleavage system, previously shown to be upregulated in acid stress 37 response. These results provide insights into the stationary phase physiology of strains grown 38 under scCO 2 , suggesting modifications of cell membranes and amino acid metabolism may be 39 involved in response to acidic, high CO 2 conditions under scCO 2 . 40 41 42 43 Nevertheless, the cellular responses observed during these experiments suggest that alterations to 63 cell membranes and global changes to protein expression may be necessary to acclimate to 64 scCO 2 -assocated stresses. 65 4We have recently documented growth of Bacillus spp. under a scCO 2 headspace (3), 66 however how cells acclimate to grow under scCO 2 is unknown. Individual factors associated 67 with scCO 2 (e.g. elevated pressure, solvent, and acid stress) may have opposing influences on 68 cellular acclimation. High pressures compress membrane lipids with lipid disordering caused by 69 dissolution of gases into membrane bilayers (14). Bacteria under high pressure may compensate 70 by producing more unsaturated lipids or by decreasing lipid chain length in order to increase and 71 maintain membrane fluidity (15, 16), a response similar to that observed following exposure to 72 low temperature (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, solvent stress has been demonstrated to increase the 73 proportion of saturated fatty acid content and increasing acyl chain lengths (21). Bacteria also 74 alter membrane lipids in response to pH and oxygen availability. Acid stress in B. subtilis and 75Clostridium acetobutylicum was linked to a decreased proportion of branched and unsaturated 76 fatty acids, which was suggested to increase membrane rigidity and decrease the proton flux 77 across membranes (22, 23). Anaerobic growth in B. subtilis results in increased lipid chain length 78 (24) which may also promote membrane rigi...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO₂and may promote acclimation to associated stresses

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…acidophilus NCFM as being more resistant to bile and more sensitive to NaCl and ethanol. Furthermore, studies regarding the structure and gene expression of the S-layer proteins of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 (Oling et al 2001;Smit et al 2002) and their biological functions have been conducted (Ramiah et al 2009;Khaleghi et al 2010;Khaleghi and Kermanshahi 2012), but the effect of salt stress on this strain has not been evaluated. In contrast, in L. acidophilus NCFM, the genes responding to salt stress (Weiss and Jespersen 2010) and the effect of GIT conditions on slp gene expression have been studied by several authors (O'Flaherty and Klaenhammer 2010;Capozzi et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of osmotic stress on the profile and gene expression of surface layer proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

Palomino

Waehner

Martin

et al. 2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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In this work, we studied the role of surface layer (S-layer) proteins in the adaptation of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 to the osmotic stress generated by high salt. The amounts of the predominant and the auxiliary S-layer proteins SlpA and SlpX were strongly influenced by the growth phase and high-salt conditions (0.6 M NaCl). Changes in gene expression were also observed as the mRNAs of the slpA and slpX genes increased related to the growth phase and presence of high salt. A growth stage-dependent modification on the S-layer protein profile in response to NaCl was observed: while in control conditions, the auxiliary SlpX protein represented less than 10 % of the total S-layer protein, in high-salt conditions, it increased to almost 40 % in the stationary phase. The increase in S-layer protein synthesis in the stress condition could be a consequence of or a way to counteract the fragility of the cell wall, since a decrease in the cell wall thickness and envelope components (peptidoglycan layer and lipoteichoic acid content) was observed in L. acidophilus when compared to a non-S-layer-producing species such as Lactobacillus casei. Also, the stationary phase and growth in high-salt medium resulted in increased release of S-layer proteins to the supernatant medium. Overall, these findings suggest that pre-growth in high-salt conditions would result in an advantage for the probiotic nature of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 as the increased amount and release of the S-layer might be appropriate for its antimicrobial capacity.

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“…Comparing our results with those of other researchers, it may be suggested that such reaction of the cell wall may be common to bacterial cells under the influence of different stress factors. In one recent study (Khaleghi and Kermanshahi, 2012), the authors showed that environmental conditions affect the protein of the S-layer and the slpA gene expression. During the electron-microscopic examination of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, the excess of the S-layer was found at both ends of the bacterial cell at a temperature of 45 ºC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural changes in biofilm forms of staphylococci cultivated in a mixed culture with lactobacilli

Lavryk¹,

Korniychuk²,

Тымкив³

2017

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The capacity of opportunistic bacteria for biofilm formation plays an important role in the development of chronic inflammatory processes, which are difficult to treat. To improve antimicrobial therapy methods, the influence of lactobacilli on the ultrastructure of biofilm-forming clinical strains of staphylococci when co-cultured was investigated. 5 biofilm-forming clinical strains of S. aureus from the skin of acne vulgaris patients (n = 24) were isolated. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the morphological changes of S. aureus cells in the mixed culture with standard strains of Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3 and clinical strains of L. fermentum (n = 4) were studied. It was found that in 48 hours after the inoculation on the medium of samples of mixed cultures of L. plantarum 8P-A3 and S. aureus growth of staphylococci was not revealed. Only in some cases of mixed cultures of L. fermentum and biofilm-forming staphylococci was growth of S. aureus obtained. In electron diffraction patterns of control samples of 24-hour staphylococcal monocultures and 48-hour lactobacilli monocultures, natural development of the population at the cellular level was observed. Destructive changes under the influence of lactobacilli (probiotic and clinical strains) were detected in all ultrathin sections of the cells of biofilm-forming and planktonic staphylococci. Significant destructive changes in the cell wall of the staphylococci were observed: thickening, obtaining of irregular form, detachment of the cytoplasmic membrane, the complete destruction of the peptidoglycan layer and the emergence of "shadow cells". On all electron diffraction patterns fibrillar-threadlike structures of DNA could not be observed, but in some cases mesosome-like formations were poorly contrasted. It was established that the surface S-layer of lactobacilli was expressed on a significantly larger scale in the mixed culture with staphylococci. In mixed culture of clinical strains of lactobacilli with biofilm form of S. aureus, staphylococcal cells could be found in a dormant state. Thanks to an experimental model of biofilm in a mixed culture, the development of destructive changes of staphylococci under the influence of the lactobacilli both on the morphological and at the population levels has been assessed. The results obtained can be used in improving the schemes of complex antimicrobial therapy of pyoinflammatory processes with the use of biological preparations, which are composed of lactobacilli, including those in the form of local application.

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Effect of Environmental Stresses on S-Layer Production in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO₂and may promote acclimation to associated stresses

Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO₂and may promote acclimation to associated stresses

Influence of osmotic stress on the profile and gene expression of surface layer proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

Ultrastructural changes in biofilm forms of staphylococci cultivated in a mixed culture with lactobacilli

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Effect of Environmental Stresses on S-Layer Production in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO2and may promote acclimation to associated stresses

Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO2and may promote acclimation to associated stresses

Influence of osmotic stress on the profile and gene expression of surface layer proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

Ultrastructural changes in biofilm forms of staphylococci cultivated in a mixed culture with lactobacilli

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Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO₂and may promote acclimation to associated stresses

Changes in lipid and proteome composition accompany growth ofBacillus subterraneusMITOT1 under supercritical CO₂and may promote acclimation to associated stresses