Effect of engine compression ratio, injection timing, and exhaust gas recirculation on gaseous and particle number emissions in a light-duty diesel engine

Mohiuddin, Khawar; Kwon, Hee-Yong; Choi, Moon‐Hee; Park, Sungwook

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120547

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Alcohols inhibited soot precursor formation due to their inherent fuel oxygen. 389 Particulates gradually increased with increasing EGR due to oxygen deficiency, 100,398 particularly in CDC (> 1 × 10 8 #/cm 3 ) mode. The gasoline-diesel RCCI engine exhibited two peaks (20 and 80 nm size) in PNC at high engine loads.…”

Section: Physical Characterization Of Diesel Soot Particlesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Section: Physical Characterization Of Diesel Soot Particlesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Lower compression ratio (CR) engines emit higher PM than higher CR engines (Figure 5). 100 Lower CR engines exhibited lower in-cylinder temperatures, thereby reducing soot oxidation. 101 Decreasing the EGR rate with advancing start of injection (SoI) timing reduced the PM emissions.…”

Section: Particulate Emissions Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…An increase in compression ratio from 13:1 to 17:1 showed an improved efficiency for diesel, but also higher nitrogen oxide emissions. 31 Particulate emissions decreased up to 16:1, and increased again slightly at 17:1. Increasing the compression ratio from 17.5:1 to 19:1 showed a reduction in nitrogen oxides and an increase in particulate emissions due to a shorter premixed and longer diffusive combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of strategies to optimize engine efficiency and NOx emissions with the synthetic diesel fuel oxymethylene ether

Pöllmann

Härtl

Jaensch

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The use of CO2-neutral synthetic fuels in internal combustion engines contributes to achieving climate targets. Since their combustion is still associated with pollutant emissions, current research is focusing on minimizing harmful emissions, as well as on improving the efficiency of the combustion. The soot-free combustion of the synthetic diesel fuel oxymethylene ether (OME) opens up new scopes for reducing the remaining pollutants, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOX). Catalytic aftertreatment of NOX is costly and may lead to the generation of further emissions such as nitrous oxide, making it necessary to further investigate engine-internal approaches of NOX reduction. This work shows the influence of various in-engine measures on emissions and efficiency for OME and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) as paraffinic diesel fuel, performed on a 1.75 l single-cylinder research engine. An injector variation was carried out for OME to compensate for the reduced lower heating value by a higher nozzle flow rate, which increases efficiency, but also NOX emissions. The examination of the measures of increasing exhaust gas recirculation, lowering rail pressure, Miller valve timing and high compression ratio shows a significant reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions in each case. At the same time, there is an improvement in indicated efficiency for Miller valve timing and high compression ratio, and with OME, in contrast to HVO, also by reducing the rail pressure. With HVO, each measure increases particulate number by up to several orders of magnitude. For OME, none of the measures resulted in a deterioration of the low particulate emissions, which allows an intensified application and combination of the measures. For example, the simultaneous application of higher compression, early intake closing and decreased injection pressure reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by more than two-thirds and improves efficiency by 5% without increasing particulate emissions.

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“…Ju et al 22 conducted a related study using GT-POWER one-dimensional simulation software, and the results showed that the use of EGR decreases diesel engine dynamics, economy, and NO x emissions and delays the moment of ignition and decreases boost pressure under some operating conditions. Mohiuddin et al 23 investigated the effect law of EGR on diesel engine performance through bench tests, and the results showed that the NO x and carbon soot trade-off relationship varied more significantly with EGR rate when the compression ratio was higher and was more pronounced at low and medium loads than at high loads. Kumar et al 24 studied the effect of EGR on diesel engine emission performance by ANSYS 3D simulation software and found that NO x emission decreases while CO 2 emission increases with increasing EGR rate, so carbon traps were designed to reduce NO x and CO 2 emissions simultaneously with EGR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on NO_x Reduction of Diesel Engine by EGR Coupled with SCR

Zhang,

Nie,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are crucial technologies for mitigating nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions in diesel engines. Although EGR reduces engine outlet NO x emissions, it simultaneously increases diesel consumption, leading to a poor economic performance. SCR requires AdBlue consumption; thus, striking the right balance for overall engine economy is of utmost importance. This study aims to evaluate NO x emission control and fluid cost in diesel engines. The total fluid cost of the diesel engine includes diesel and AdBlue. The engine is equipped with an aftertreatment system comprising a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), diesel particulate filter (DPF), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and ammonia slip catalyst (ASC). The study was carried out at 1600 and 2100 rpm (25, 50, 75, and 100% load). The results show that with the increase of EGR valve opening, the exhaust temperature increased, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased, and the NO x emission decreased. With the increased AdBlue dosage, the NO x conversion efficiency gradually improved, ultimately approaching near-zero NO x emissions. However, as NO x emissions decreased, the equivalent diesel fluid cost rose. At 1600 r/min (100% load), when the NO x emissions were reduced by zero, the maximum fluid costs were 235, 223, and 218g/(kW•h) under the AdBlue/diesel price ratios of 1/1, 1/2, and 1/3, respectively. As the AdBlue/diesel price ratio decreases, the influence of EGR on the fluid cost diminishes. Coordinated control of EGR and AdBlue allows for reduced NO x emissions while mitigating the overall cost of diesel engines and aftertreatment systems. This research provides valuable guidance for EGR and urea control in diesel engines and contributes to the field of diesel engine emission control.

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Effect of engine compression ratio, injection timing, and exhaust gas recirculation on gaseous and particle number emissions in a light-duty diesel engine

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Evaluation of strategies to optimize engine efficiency and NOx emissions with the synthetic diesel fuel oxymethylene ether

Experimental Study on NO_x Reduction of Diesel Engine by EGR Coupled with SCR

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Effect of engine compression ratio, injection timing, and exhaust gas recirculation on gaseous and particle number emissions in a light-duty diesel engine

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Evaluation of strategies to optimize engine efficiency and NOx emissions with the synthetic diesel fuel oxymethylene ether

Experimental Study on NOx Reduction of Diesel Engine by EGR Coupled with SCR

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Experimental Study on NO_x Reduction of Diesel Engine by EGR Coupled with SCR