Effect of energy source and xylanase addition on energy metabolism, performance, chemical body composition and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) of broilers

Abstract

Three diets containing either no supplemented fat (LF), 12% soybean oil (SO) or 12% coconut oil (CO) were fed to broilers to examine energy utilization in two experiments. Heat production and energy retained as fat and protein were measured in the first experiment using a respiration technique in combination with C- and N-balance and controlled (pair-fed) feeding conditions. Growth performance, carcass composition, chemical body composition and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) were evaluated in a second experiment under ad libitum feeding conditions (from hatching to day 35). Moreover, each of the three diet types was tested with or without the addition of a xylanase-containing enzyme preparation in the growth experiment. Energy utilization (experiment 1), expressed as the ratio between total retained energy and metabolizable energy intake, amounted to 0.33, 0.36 and 0.39 in LF-, SO- and CO-fed groups, respectively. Applying ad libitum feeding conditions in the second experiment caused a significant reduction in feed intake and weight gain in broilers fed the CO-diet. The feed-to-gain ratio was significantly lower in birds given the fat-supplemented diets. The highest degree of fatness as indicated by the highest percentage of abdominal and visceral fat and by highest total fat content was found in birds fed the CO-diet. The higher the body protein content and the lower the body fat content, the higher the TOBEC value should be. This was confirmed when LF-fed broilers were compared to their CO-fed counterparts. However, fat type seemed to be related to TOBEC values since SO-fed broilers had similar TOBEC values as CO-fed birds, whereas chemical body composition was comparable to LF-fed broilers. Xylanase addition significantly increased weight gain up to 21 days of age and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio slightly, whereas none of the other parameters were influenced by this treatment. An interaction between energy source and enzyme supplementation was not observed. It is concluded that feeding of coconut oil was most effective in terms of energy retention, but failed to induce an adequate performance under ad libitum feeding conditions due to a reduced voluntary feed intake. TOBEC measurements in relation to chemical body composition were rather inconclusive.

Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in non-ruminant nutrition research

“…A fast, accurate, minimally invasive method that requires little input is considered the ideal for providing information about the animal (Mitchell et al, 2003). Methods currently used in nutrition research include linear body measurements (Maiwashe et al, 2002;Riva et al, 2004), ultrasonography for measuring backfat, muscle depth, and loin eye area (Liu and Stouffer, 1995;Oviedo-Rondón et al, 2007;Case et al, 2012), total body electrical conductivity (Berg et al, 1994;Dänicke et al, 2001;Fortun-Lamothe et al, 2002), video image analysis (McClure et al, 2003;Mollah et al, 2010;Craigie et al, 2012), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Mitchell et al, 1997a;Marcoux et al, 2003; R. Bras. Zootec., 46(7):621-629, 2017 Mercier et al, 2006), computed tomography (CT;Font-iFurnols et al, 2013;Milisits et al, 2013), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Davenel et al, 2000;Kremer et al, 2012b).…”

Implications for Supplementation of Dietary Enzymes in Poultry Feed: A Review

“…Supplementing broiler diets with combination of xylanase and β-glucanase improves the nutritive value of the diet 1 . The addition of xylanase improves weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, AME and decreased water intake 2 and Vitamin E content of liver in broiler was significantly improved by addition of xylanase 3 . Nutri-xylanase is a bacterial xylanase processed from Bacillus subtilis and produced by a microfiltration advanced fermentation technique.…”

“…Mannion 5 reported that the body weight gain was improved by 12-25% and feed consumption was increased by 3 showed xylanase supplementation had a positive body weight gain and the feed to gain ration. Danicke et al 3 found addition of xylanase significantly increased the weight gain up to 21 days of age and decreased the feed to gain ratio slightly. Mathlouthi et al 7 showed feed efficacy and body weight gain was improved with the supplementation of xylanase.…”

Energy Utilization of Growing Chicks in Various Nutritional Conditions

“…Dietary medium chain triglyceride (glyceryl tricaprylate) affects lipid metabolism without reducing the efficiency of protein utilization (Furuse et al, 1992) and medium chain triglyceride per se has lower AME and net energy than long chain triglyceride (corn oil) in growing chicks (Furuse et al, 1992;. Comparison of three soybean-corn type diets containing soybean oil (long chain triglyceride; LCT), coconut oil (medium chain triglyceride; MCT) or no fat source showed that coconut oil was used as much as soybean oil at the same dry matter intake (Danicke et al, 2001). These studies, however, consistently showed that ad libitum feeding the diet containing MCT or coconut oil suppressed food intake.…”