Effect of Endotoxin on Granulopoiesis and Colony-Stimulating Factor

Quesenberry, Peter J.; Morley, Alexander A.; Stohlman, Frederick; Rickard, K.A.; Howard, Donald; Smith, Michael R.

doi:10.1056/nejm197202032860502

Cited by 244 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It has been shown that there is a rapid increase in CSF in the serum of animals treated with bacterial endotoxin (Quesenberry et al, 1972). In our system the action of cyclophosphamide on the cells of the intestinal epithelium may have led to a cellular breakdown and bacterial invasion from the gut flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Reduced lethality in mice receiving a combined dose of cyclophosphamide and busulphan

Millar¹,

Hudspith²,

Blackett³

1975

Br J Cancer

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Reduced lethality in mice receiving a combined dose of cyclophosphamide and busulphan

Millar¹,

Hudspith²,

Blackett³

1975

Br J Cancer

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“…It was pyrogenic and, after hydrolysis, 3-deoxyoctulosonate (KDO) could be detected. When injected into mice in a dose of 45 pg it induced the formation of colony-stimulating factor (Quesenberry, Morley and Stohlman, 1972): sera from these mice increased the number of colonies in cultures of mouse bone-marrow cells over that incontrol cultures by a (Maeland, 1968).…”

Section: Studies On Free Endotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electron-Microscope Study of Naturally Occurring and Cultured Cells of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Novotny

Short

Walker

1975

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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FOR the development of an effective gonococcal vaccine it is likely that knowledge of virulence factors is required so that antigens of possible protective value can be defined. It is then necessary to determine whether such protective antigens are produced by gonococci cultured in vitro.Much of the work being carried out at the present time on gonococci was stimulated by the discovery by Kellogg et al. (1963) of four different colonial types designated Tl-T4. Although all the colony types derived from a single strain were virulent for human volunteers for up to 38 selective passages, only T1 and T2 colonies were able to produce the disease after several hundred passages (Kellogg et al., 1968).Work on the gonococcus has been hampered by the lack of an animal model, since the only susceptible species appear to be man and chimpanzees (Lucas et a!., 1971). Recently, however, there have been reports that claim to measure virulence by simple in-vivo procedures. Ark0 (1972Ark0 ( , 1973 used implanted capsules in laboratory animals to cultivate gonococci in vivo and showed that the avirulent types when injected into these were cleared much faster than virulent types. The model was also useful in the study of active immunisation (Arko, 1974). Buchanan and Gotschlich (1973) demonstrated that T1 and T2 gonococci survived for longer periods than their T3 and T4 counterparts when inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs. Bumgarner and Finkelstein (1 973), although failing to support this finding, showed remarkable differences in virulence between the types on intravenous injection into 1 1-day-old chick embryos. In addition, experiments with human polymorphs have shown that T1 cells are retained to a greater extent and are more resistant to digestion than T4 cells (Thomas, Hill and Tyeryar, 1973) and that virulent cells have greater resistance to phagocytosis (Ofek, Beachey and Bisno, 1974). Human bactericidal serum (Thomas et al., 1973) or rabbit antiserum to T2 gonococci enhanced phagocytosis of virulent but not avirulent cells (Ofek et al., 1974).Although it is possible by laboratory culture to distinguish colonies of Neisseria gonurrhoeae that are believed to be virulent, the factors responsible for virulence are far from clear. Jephcott, Reyn and Birch-Andersen (1971) and independently Swanson, Kraus and Gotschlich (1971) demonstrated that gonococci of colonial types T1 and T2 were piliate whereas those of T3 and T4 were not. As this appeared to be the most significant morphological difference between the virulent and avirulent colony types it was thought that piliation might be the factor that conferred virulence. Although in describing these appendages the term fimbriae has a prior claim over that of pili (Brinton, 1965 ;Duguid, Anderson and Campbell, 1966), the latter is in more general use as applied to gonococci and is used throughout the

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“…We have found that many kinds of bacteria grow in the stomach of patients with advanced gastric cancer. It is therefore conceivable that bacteria or their products in the stomach stimulate mononuclear phagocyte cluster-colony formation of spleen cells (5,24). Alternatively, gastric cancer may release CSF (12) or stimulate CSF production as antigenic stimulus (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mononuclear Phagocyte Colony Formation of Human Spleen Cells in Liquid Culture

Kojima

Ito

Hasegawa

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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We found that mononuclear phagocytes formed a distinct number of clusters and colonies on the bottom of a culture dish 7 days later but granulocytes did not, when a large number of human spleen cells were cultured in liquid medium. In all gastric cancer bearers and patients with portal hypertension operated on, however, colony formation was restricted to spleen cells from patients with advanced gastric cancer and from a group of patients with portal hypertension. These spleen cells formed mononuclear phagocyte colonies without the help of exogeneous colony stimulating factor (CSF). We further demonstrated that the colony-forming cells were glass non-adherent and nylon wool adherent, and that spontaneous colony formation required cooperation between the colony-forming cells and colony-stimulating cells adherent to a plastic surface.There have been many studies on granulocyte-monocyte (GM) colony formation of murine bone marrow cells since the reports of Bradely and Metcalf (1) and Pluznik and Sachs (23) in 1966. Senn and his colleagues (25) and Pike and Robinson (22) reported GM colony formation of human bone marrow cells in 1967 and 1970, respectively. Although they used a semi-solid agar technique, Stewart and his colleagues reported macrophage colony formation of murine peritoneal exudate cells in a liquid culture in 1975 (26). Since then, some reports using the liquid culture technique have been published (2,8,9,30). This simplified technique is available for detailed analysis of mononuclear phagocyte colony formation. We know little about the aspects of the mononuclear phagocyte system in human spleen. We therefore investigated human splenic mononuclear phagocyte colony formation in liquid culture in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparation of spleen cell suspensions and cultures. The spleens surgically resected from patients with gastric cancer or with portal hypertension were minced in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) and compressed gently with a rubber police-72 5

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Effect of Endotoxin on Granulopoiesis and Colony-Stimulating Factor

Cited by 244 publications

References 37 publications

Reduced lethality in mice receiving a combined dose of cyclophosphamide and busulphan

Reduced lethality in mice receiving a combined dose of cyclophosphamide and busulphan

An Electron-Microscope Study of Naturally Occurring and Cultured Cells of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Mononuclear Phagocyte Colony Formation of Human Spleen Cells in Liquid Culture

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