Effect of EMS on Induced Morphological Mutants and Chromosomal Variation in Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp)

Abstract

Effect of EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) on induced morphological mutants and chromosomal variation in cowpea was studied using five different doses of mutagen along with a control in randomized blocked design with three replications. The morphological mutants there are two types of viable and chlorophyll mutants. Viable mutant contains tall, dwarf, early maturity, late maturity, leaf mutants pod mutant and flower mutants. The frequency of chlorophyll mutant contains albino, xantha and viridis. This concentration can damage or modify important components of plant cells and have been reported to affect the morphology, anatomy, biochemistry and physiology of plants differentially depending on the concentration level. These effects include changes in the cellular structure and metabolism of the plants e.g., dilation of thylakoid membranes, alteration in photosynthesis, modulation of the antioxidative system and accumulation of phenolic compounds. The morphological and chromosomal variation was found to be mutagen sensitive in somatic cells of cowpea. It was found to increase with increasing the concentration of EMS in Cowpea plants. The chemical mutagen like ethyl methane sulphonate induces high frequency of chromosomal changes like anaphasic bridge; anaphasic laggard, anaphasic bridge and clumbing of chromosome were including control plants also observed.

Genetic Variability on Tolerance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Genotypes Induced with Sodium Azide Mutagen

“…It was observed that there was significant reduction in percentage seed germination of all the maize genotypes recorded at 65mM of sodium azide compared with the control (untreated). This is in accordance with concentration dose dependent inhibition in seed germination reported for different crops by Dhanavel et al (2008) in soybean, Srivastava (2010) in wheat, Gnanamurthy and Dhanavel (2014) in cowpea and Adebola (2013) in tomato. The height of the untreated maize is higher (118.70), and not significantly different (p<0.05) from untreated ones at concentration of 35mM, but different from 45, 55 and 65 mM.…”

“…(Figure 5), while chromosomes were damaged in TZM 146 induced with 45 mM of sodium azide (Figure 6). The mutagenic effect could be due to partial or complete failure of spindle mechanism caused by mutagenicity of sodium azide mediated through the production of organic metabolite of sodium azide compound on plant chromosomes as similarly reported by Khan et al (2009) and Gnanamurthy et al (2014). This metabolite enters into the nucleus, interacts with DNA and creates mutation in the genome (Srivastava et al, 2010).…”

“…The mutagenic effects were also morphologically shown after sowing the seeds as earlier observed by Olawuyi et al (2016). The changes in their mitotic behavior are considered to be one of the most dependable indices to estimate the potency of mutagen (Gnanamurthy and Dhanavel, 2014). …”

Effects of Ethyl Methanesulfonate on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Plants Regenerated From Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) Calli

“…it was found high EMS concentrations (higher than 0.9%) reduced the desirable effects of mutations in soybean (Glycine max L.). The effects of the EMS mutagenic agent on some morphological traits of pepper (Jabeen and Mirza., 2004), cowpea (Gnanamurthy et al, 2014), bell pepper (Alcantara et al, 1996), peas (Wani et al, 2002), and tomato (Saba and Mirza., 2002) were previously reported. Results of these studied resembled those we found in our study.…”

Ethyl Methanesulphonate (EMS) Induced Mutagenic Disorders in Amaranthus tricolor L.

“…The mutagenic effect of EMS has been reported in several plants such as Arabidopsis [13], [16];Vignaunguiculata [10], [12]; Musa spp. [22].…”