Effect of Empty Fruit Brunch reinforcement in PolyButylene-Succinate/Modified Tapioca Starch blend for Agricultural Mulch Films

Ayu, Rafiqah S.; Abdan, Khalina; Saffian, Harmaen Ahmad; Zaman, Khairul; Nurrazi, N Mohd; Tawakkal, Isma; Lee, Ching Hao

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58278-y

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…On the contrary, there were relatively higher mechanical properties for a 0% EFB specimen (which contained 30 wt% of starch/glycerol with a 2:1 ratio) in a current study, when compared to a previous study, which only gave 16.12 and 21.78 MPa for tensile and flexural strength, respectively, for pure PBS polymer [ 34 ]. The insertion of starch supposedly reduces the composite’s strength performance due to low compatibility [ 6 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…This study is a continuation of previous study, which investigated the characterization of high volume contents of EFB fiber reinforced in PBS/tapioca starch composite [ 34 ]. The high volume of fiber reinforcement found deterioration of mechanical properties due to poor interfacial bonding, evidenced from SEM micrograph and this is not accepted by the market, and similar findings were reported that show a lower tensile strength when alkaline treated-sugarcane fibers were inserted without any plasticizers [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

et al. 2020

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In this study, a mixture of thermoplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS), tapioca starch, glycerol and empty fruit bunch fiber was prepared by a melt compounding method using an industrial extruder. Generally, insertion of starch/glycerol has provided better strength performance, but worse thermal and water uptake to all specimens. The effect of fiber loading on mechanical, morphological, thermal and physical properties was studied in focus. Low interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix revealed a poor mechanical performance. However, higher fiber loadings have improved the strength values. This is because fibers regulate good load transfer mechanisms, as confirmed from SEM micrographs. Tensile and flexural strengths have increased 6.0% and 12.2%, respectively, for 20 wt% empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber reinforcements. There was a slightly higher mass loss for early stage thermal decomposition, whereas regardless of EFB contents, insignificant changes on decomposition temperature were recorded. A higher lignin constituent in the composite (for high natural fiber volume) resulted in a higher mass residue, which would turn into char at high temperature. This observation indirectly proves the dimensional integrity of the composite. However, as expected, with higher EFB fiber contents in the composite, higher values in both the moisture uptake and moisture loss analyses were found. The hydroxyl groups in the EFB absorbed water moisture through formation of hydrogen bonding.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

et al. 2020

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“…Secondly, these PBS oligomers are trans-esterified under vacuum to form a high-molecular-weight polymer. Because of its excellent processability, which originates from its low melting point and controllable melt flow index (MFI), PBS has been applied in eco-plastics such as mulching films, compostable bags, non-woven fabrics and catering tools that can replace non-degradable polymers [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Sebacate-Co-terephthalate)

et al. 2020

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In this study, poly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate) (PBSeT) was successfully synthesized using various ratios of sebacic acid (Se) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). The synthesized PBSeT showed a high molecular weight (Mw, 88,700–154,900 g/mol) and good elastomeric properties. In particular, the PBSeT64 (6:4 sebacic acid/dimethyl terephthalate mole ratio) sample showed an elongation at break value of over 1600%. However, further increasing the DMT content decreased the elongation properties but increased the tensile strength due to the inherent strength of the aromatic unit. The melting point and crystallization temperature were difficult to observe in PBSeT64, indicating that an amorphous copolyester was formed at this mole ratio. Interestingly, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) curves was shown in the cases of PBSeT46 and PBSeT64, neither the crystal peaks of PBSe nor those of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) are observed, that is, PBSeT64 showed an amorphous form with low crystallinity. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum showed C–H peaks at around 2900 cm−1 that reduced as the DMT ratio was increased. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed well-resolved peaks split by coupling with the sebacate and DMT moieties. These results highlight that elastomeric PBSeT with high molecular weight could be synthesized by applying DMT monomer and showed promising mechanical properties.

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“…Kenaf fiber consists of three main constituents which are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Low thermal stability properties of hemicellulose constituents start to decompose, followed by cellulose and lignin, ranging from 150 to 380 • C according to a previous study [32]. Lignin constituents thermally decomposed at around 280-500 • C and were responsible for char formation (residual) [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mechanical Strength, Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Breakdown of Kenaf Core Fiber/Lignin/Polypropylene Biocomposite

et al. 2020

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Mechanical strength, thermal conductivity and electrical breakdown of polypropylene/lignin/kenaf core fiber (PP/L/KCF) composite were studied. PP/L, PP/KCF and PP/L/KCF composites with different fiber and lignin loading was prepared using a compounding process. Pure PP was served as control. The results revealed that tensile and flexural properties of the PP/L/KCF was retained after addition of lignin and kenaf core fibers. Thermal stability of the PP composites improved compared to pure PP polymer. As for thermal conductivity, no significant difference was observed between PP composites and pure PP. However, PP/L/KCF composite has higher thermal diffusivity. All the PP composites produced are good insulating materials that are suitable for building. All PP composites passed withstand voltage test in air and oil state as stipulated in IEC 60641-3 except PP/L in oil state. SEM micrograph showed that better interaction and adhesion between polymer matrix, lignin and kenaf core fibers was observed and reflected on the better tensile strength recorded in PP/L/KCF composite. This study has successfully filled the gap of knowledge on using lignin and kenaf fibers as PP insulator composite materials. Therefore, it can be concluded that PP/Lignin/KCF has high potential as an insulating material.

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Effect of Empty Fruit Brunch reinforcement in PolyButylene-Succinate/Modified Tapioca Starch blend for Agricultural Mulch Films

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Sebacate-Co-terephthalate)

Mechanical Strength, Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Breakdown of Kenaf Core Fiber/Lignin/Polypropylene Biocomposite

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