Effect of Embelin Against Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Sickness Behaviour in Mice

Abstract

Sickness behaviour is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioural changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection. It is relevant to understanding depression and some aspects of the suffering that in cancer. Embelin has been reported to possess antiinflammatory, neuroprotective and anxiolytic assets and has been shown to inhibit nuclear factor κB pathway and cytokine production. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of embelin isolated from Embelia ribes Burm in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behaviour in mice. Adult male Swiss albino mice were pre-treated with embelin (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days and then challenged with LPS (400 µg/kg, i.p.). At different time intervals of post-LPS challenge, sickness behaviour was evaluated in the animals by battery of behavioural tests (plus maze, open field, light-dark box, forced swim, social behaviour assessment, sucrose preference and food and water intake). Levels of oxidative stress makers (reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation) in mice brain were also analysed. LPS induced behavioural alterations, anhedonia and anorexia, in mice. Pre-treatment with embelin attenuated behavioural changes induced by LPS. In addition, embelin prevented anhedonia, anorexia and ameliorated brain oxidative stress markers. The experimental outcomes of the present study demonstrated protective effect of embelin in LPS-induced sickness behaviour in mice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Evaluation of Brain Cytokines and the Level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in an Inflammatory Model of Depression

“…Dexamethasone acts by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines and vasoactive substances in the initial phase of the inflammatory process [24, 29]. Dexamethasone administration in rats infected with E. coli induced a significant reduction in immobility time in the FST [24] and prevented the increased immobility time in the LPS-induced FST [26, 29].…”

Plant Derived Phytocompound, Embelin in CNS Disorders: A Systematic Review

“…Food and water intake test, pre-treatment of LPS-challenged mice with embelin (10 and 20 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) significantly reversed LPS-induced anorexia and adipsia in comparison to animals with LPS-alone-treated group. This all comparative finding eventually concluded that embelin is neuroprotective against LPS-induced sickness behavior in mice (Shaikh et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Few characteristics of the behavioral pattern including malaise, hyperalgesia, pyrexia, listlessness, and disinterest in social interactions with the environment, lethargy, behavioral inhibition, exploration and grooming, reduction of reproductive performance, anorexia and weight loss, failure to concentrate, and anxiety (Maes et al, 2012 ). The effect of embelin was evaluated in sickness behavior in mice by Shaikh et al ( 2016 ). Adult male Swiss albino mice were pre-treated with embelin (10 and 20 mg/kg per oral) for 3 days and then challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 400 μg/kg intraperitoneal).…”

Rosinidin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats: Possible Mechanisms of Action Include Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

“…Biomolecules 2021, 11, x 2 of 14 therefore, it is highly susceptible to oxidative damage [4][5][6]. Additionally, LPS results in behavioural abnormalities such as cognitive abnormalities and dementia [1,2,5].…”

“…Ultimately, oxidative stress-mediated pathology results when levels of peroxides and ROS exceed endogenous antioxidant defence [ 1 , 2 ]. Lipid peroxidation targets polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain [ 4 , 5 ]. Moreover, the brain has few antioxidant defence mechanisms, therefore, it is highly susceptible to oxidative damage [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”