Effect of electron density on the martensitic transition in Ni–Mn–Sn alloys

Effect of thermal cycle on the interfacial antiferromagnetic spin configuration and exchange bias in Ni-Mn-Sb alloy

“…17 The ingot was sealed in evacuated quartz tubes and annealed at 1073 K for 48 h, then quenched in ice water. Magnetic measurements were carried out using a commercial superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID VSM, Quantum Design, Inc.), installed in National Cheng Kung University.…”

The effect of substitution of Ti for Mn on the martensitic transformation and magnetic entropy changes in Mn-rich Mn48-x Ti x Ni42 Sn10 alloys

“…The DS M as a function of temperature and magnetic field for these alloys was calculated from isothermal magnetization curves using the Maxwell equation [27,28]: 5.7 J/kg K, for x ¼ 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Obviously, the low-field (10 kOe) DS M in Mn 48-x Ti x Ni 42 Sn 10 alloys is larger than that in some other first-order magnetostructral transition materials [16,19,29]. The large DS M can be caused by the sharp change of magnetization between the weak-magnetic martensitic phase and ferromagnetic austenitic phase.…”

“…Actually, many potential applications in these alloys are related to the MT temperatures, so this should be adjustable to meet the requirements of different working temperatures. It was reported that MT temperatures in FSMAs were related to the valence electron concentration e/at (electrons per atom) [10,16,19]. Here, the valence electron is calculated as the number of 3d and 4s electrons of transition metals (Ni, Mn, Co, Fe, Cu, etc.…”

Effect of post-annealing on the phase transitions and magnetocaloric properties in bulk Ni44Mn45Sn11 alloy

“…16 Some as prepared samples were further vacuum annealed for 3 h at 200 C, 300 C, and 350 C respectively, and then quenched in ice water (referred as 200 Cannealed, 300 C-annealed, and 350 C-annealed, respectively). The phase purity and crystal structures were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature.…”

“…It has been reported that valence electron concentration (valence electrons per atom) [10][11][12] and cell volume [13][14][15] are two main factors affecting the MT temperature in Ni-Mn based FSMAs and their effects can be combined as the effect of valence electron density (valence electrons per unit volume), 16 which can be seen as parameters of electron structure associated with Ni-Mn hybridization. 17,18 Actually, the MT temperature has also been proved to be very sensitive to the atomic order in Ni-Mn based alloys.…”