Effect of electroconvulsive stimulation on morphological and physiological aspects of post-cardiac arrest cerebral microcirculation

Can xenon in water inhibit ice growth? Molecular dynamics of phase transitions in water–Xe system

“…If true, this may be one of the explanations behind the protective effect of xenon observed experimentally on biological samples. 19 At the same time, the present study provides evidence against the possibility of "ice-blocking" behavior of xenon, where clathrate hydrate could form on the surface of ice, stopping its growth. This is because xenon hydrate formation favors higher densities, while the density of quasi-liquid layer on the surface of ice is lower than the density of bulk water.…”

“…An important potential application of xenon is its cryoprotective action. [16][17][18][19] In order to understand this phenomenon, the physicochemical basis of interaction of xenon with liquid water, ice and biological molecules must be understood at the microscopic level. The mechanisms that xenon's antifreeze effect could be ascribed to include: (i) Trapping of water in clathrate hydrate in competition with ice crystals formation (akin to traditional cryoprotectants such as glycerol and DMSO).…”