Effect of education and marital status on premature mortality among urban adults in Poland, 1988-1989

Welon, Zygmunt; Bielicki, Tadeusz; Rogucka, E.; Malina, Robert M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1999)11:3<397::aid-ajhb10>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As a result of i.a. late marriages and higher rates of mortality among those living alone, the number of single men decreases in a general population during a life-span [14]. For example, in 1988, 74.8% of men aged 20-24 were single, whereas among 45-59-year-old men only 5.8% were never married [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital differences in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension among Polish men

Lipowicz

Łopuszańska

2005

Eur J Epidemiol

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital status and blood pressure, and to assess the risk of hypertension in adult Polish men, after adjustment for BMI. Material comprised the data of 2,271 healthy men, aged 25-60, occupationally active inhabitants of Wroclaw (south-western Poland). Arterial hypertension was diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or =140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > or = 90 mm Hg. The following categories of marital status and educational level were applied: never married vs. currently married, and well-educated vs. poorly educated, respectively. The data on lifestyle elements were obtained from questionnaires. Multi-factorial analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare mean values of SBP and DBP in married vs. never married in subsequent age categories with BMI as a covariate. Independent effects of marital status, life-style variables and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of hypertension in men were analysed using the multifactorial models of logistic regression. In our analysis an interesting epidemiological phenomenon was observed. Never married men had on average higher SBP and DBP than married men. Never married had also a higher risk of hypertension when compared to married men, even when adjusted for different demographic, socio-economic, life-style variables, and even that never married men had lower BMI than married subjects. Marital differences in psychological status (prolonged stress and low social support), dietary intake (mainly sodium and potassium intake) and economic aspects of living alone are suggested as factors, which might explain at least partly the marital diversity in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in men.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital differences in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension among Polish men

Lipowicz

Łopuszańska

2005

Eur J Epidemiol

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“…In Poland, at the end of the 80s of the last century was performed the study that analyzed the cumulative effect of almost 50 years of socialistic system (before the political transformation) on premature mortality of the Polish urban population. The result of this study showed regular monotonic social gradients within mortality rates: the risk of premature death increased regularly with an individual's decreasing position on the educational scale (Welon et al, 1999). Elo and Preston (1996) pointed out that when studying social differences in mortality in adults, there are certain reasons for preferring the criterion of education over other markers of social position.…”

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confidence: 68%

Social inequality in premature mortality among polish urban adults during economic transition

Kołodziej¹,

Łopuszańska²,

Bielicki³

et al. 2007

American J Hum Biol

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Rates of premature mortality among adults are important measures of the economic and psychosocial well-being of human populations. In many countries, such rates are, as a rule, inversely related to the level of attained education. We examined changes in educational group-specific mortality rates among urban adults in Poland during the country's rapid transition in the 1990s from a socialist command economy to a free market system. Two census-based analyses of individual death records of urban dwellers aged 35-64 years were compared. We utilized all records of death, which occurred during the 2-year periods 1988-89 and 2001-02. Population denominators were taken from the censuses of 1988 and 2002. The age-specific mortality rates were used to evaluate absolute differences in mortality. To assess relative differences between educational levels, mortality rate ratios (MRRs) with 95% CI (confidence interval) were calculated using Poisson regression. A regular educational gradient in mortality persisted in each 10-year age group throughout the period covered by our data. Moreover, age-specific mortality rates declined steadily in all educational groups, and this decline was most marked in the two oldest age groups (45-54 and 55-64 years). The trend was accompanied by widening of educational differences in mortality as expressed by MRRs. Systemic political transformation in Poland has brought a mixture of beneficial and detrimental effects on the well-being of society. With regard to the changes in rates of premature mortality among adults, the benefits have prevailed, although individuals with the lowest educational level benefited less than those with the highest education.

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“…Married people live longer than their unmarried peers, including those who have never been married, as well as those who are separated, divorced, or widowed. Since the mid 1800s, this has been confirmed in numerous studies from many countries, and is independent of differences in race, geography, politics, or economics (Brajczewski and Rogucka, ; Goldman, ; Hu and Goldman, ; Welon et al, ). On average, mortality rates are lower in married individuals of all ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Some evidence for health‐related marriage selection

Lipowicz

2014

American J Hum Biol

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Effect of education and marital status on premature mortality among urban adults in Poland, 1988-1989

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Marital differences in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension among Polish men

Marital differences in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension among Polish men

Social inequality in premature mortality among polish urban adults during economic transition

Some evidence for health‐related marriage selection

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