Effect of early undernutrition on masticatory morphophysiology: Review of the literature

Ferraz-Pereira, Kelli Nogueira; Toscano, Ana Elisa; Manhães-de-Castro, Raul

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.06.007

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, other factors may also explain the results obtained regarding the masticatory behaviour. According to a recent systematic review of the literature by Ferraz-Pereira et al ( 40 ) , perinatal low-protein and/or energy diet delays the growth of the mandible; reduces the synthesis of collagen as well as the deposit of calcium and protein content of the mandible; delays dental eruption; limits growth of the incisors and molars; and increases susceptibility to caries. All of these alterations can cause changes in the phases of food incision, crushing and pulverising, inducing modifications in the masticatory sequence and cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal low-protein diet reduces the masticatory efficiency in rats

et al. 2015

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Little is known about the effects of undernutrition on the specific muscles and neuronal circuits involved in mastication. The aim of this study was to document the effects of neonatal low-protein diet on masticatory efficiency. Newborn rats whose mothers were fed 17 % (nourished (N), n 60) or 8 % (undernourished (U), n 56) protein were compared. Their weight was monitored and their masticatory jaw movements were video-recorded. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in brainstem slice preparations to investigate the intrinsic membrane properties and N-methyl-Daspartate-induced bursting characteristics of the rhythmogenic neurons (N, n 43; U, n 39) within the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr). Morphometric analysis (N, n 4; U, n 5) were conducted on masseteric muscles serial cross-sections. Our results showed that undernourished animals had lower numbers of masticatory sequences (P = 0·049) and cycles (P = 0·045) and slower chewing frequencies (P = 0·004) (N, n 32; U, n 28). Undernutrition reduced body weight but had little effect on many basic NVsnpr neuronal electrophysiological parameters. It did, however, affect sag potentials (P < 0·001) and rebound firing (P = 0·005) that influence firing pattern. Undernutrition delayed the appearance of bursting and reduced the propensity to burst (P = 0·002), as well as the bursting frequency (P = 0·032). Undernourished animals showed increased and reduced proportions of fibre type IIA (P < 0·0001) and IIB (P < 0·0001), respectively. In addition, their fibre areas (IIA, P < 0·001; IIB, P < 0·001) and perimeters (IIA, P < 0·001; IIB, P < 0·001) were smaller. The changes observed at the behavioural, neuronal and muscular levels suggest that undernutrition reduces chewing efficiency by slowing, weakening and delaying maturation of the masticatory muscles and the associated neuronal circuitry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal low-protein diet reduces the masticatory efficiency in rats

et al. 2015

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“…30 The odds for enamel defects increased 3.46-fold in neonates who had had poor intrauterine nutrition and as a result were small for gestational age (SGA), and 1.89-fold in infants who had poor postnatal nutrition. 30 Maternal malnutrition also negatively impacts on the development of the stomatognathic system; 31 however, there are conflicting reports in the literature on the associations between maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and the timing of tooth eruption. 32,33 While these studies highlight the intergenerational impact of maternal malnutrition on child oral health, the Pelotas longitudinal study showed that poverty at birth and during the life course was correlated with the number of unsound teeth at 24 years of age.…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Epidemiology Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and social determinants of oral health in South Africa in the context of COVID-19

Magan

2020

S. Afr. dent. j.

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The global pandemic due to infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV -2) causes the disease COVID-19 which is a mild, self-limiting disease in the majority of infected individuals.1 However, in many individuals, particularly the elderly, or those with comorbidities such as diabetes, pulmonary disease or cardiovascular conditions, infection with SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more severe symptoms, and has proved fatal.2 Given that COVID-19 is a novel disease and that there is no vaccine or specific pharmacologic treatment for it, it is likely that its impact on an individual's general health will be protracted and is yet to unfold. Oral health is inextricably linked to general health and its neglect may have negative consequences on human and economic capital. The aim of this commentary is, therefore, to highlight the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on oral health in South Africa (SA).

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