Background: Neuropathyandneuro-inflammationdrivetheseverepainanddisease progression in human chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Mice, especially geneticallyinduced-mousemodels,havebeenincreasinglyutilizedinmechanisticresearch on pancreatic neuropathy, but the normal "peripheral neurobiology" of the mouse pancreas has not yet been critically compared to human pancreas. Methods: Weintroducedastandardizedtissue-harvestingtechniquethatpreserves the anatomic orientation of the mouse pancreas and allows complete sectioning in an anteriortoposteriorfashion.Weappliedimmunohistochemistryandquantitativecolorimetryofallnervesfromthewholeorganforstudyingpancreaticneuro-anatomy. Key Results: Nerves in the mouse pancreas appeared as "clusters" of nerve trunks in contrast to singly distributed nerve trunks in the human pancreas. Nerve trunks in the mouse pancreas were exclusively found around intrapancreatic blood vessels, and around lymphoid structures.Themajorityofnervetrunkswerelocatedinthepancreatichead(0.15±0.08%oftissuearea)andtheanterior/frontsurfaceofthecorpus/ body(0.17±0.27%),thussignificantlymorethaninthetail(0.02±0.02%,P=.006). Nerves in the tail included a higher proportion of nociceptive fibers, but the absolute majority,ie,ca.70%,ofallnociceptivefibers,werelocalizedinthehead.Micehet-erozygousforBdnfknockoutallele(Bdnf +/−)exhibitedenrichmentofnitrergicnerve fibers specifically in the head and corpus. Conclusions & Inferences: Neuro-anatomyofthe"mesenterictype"mousepancreas is highly different from the "compact" human pancreas. Studies that aim at reproducinghumanpancreaticneuro-phenomenainmousemodelsshouldpaydiligentattention to these anatomic differences.