Effect of early life housing manipulation on baseline and drug-induced behavioural responses on neurochemistry in the male rat

Simpson, Joy; Bree, Dara; Kelly, John

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.02.008

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The reduced inner arena entries probably show reduced overall movements. Similar results have been reported in previous studies [2,30]. On the other hand, enriched rats spent less time in the central area compared to group-reared rats indicating a higher anxiety-like behavior in EE animals (see Section 4.2 for discussion).…”

Section: Open-field Activitysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / p h b reduced anxiety [4,9,12], while others found no effect of EE on open arm time, thus indicating no anxiolytic effect [2,30]. Likewise, although social isolation increased anxiety in several paradigms [34], an anxiolytic [19] or no effect of isolation rearing [26] have been reported.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, in the forced swimming test (FST) -one of the most commonly used tests to assess depressive-like behavior in animal models -isolated rearing has been found to increase immobility time [3,17] and decrease swimming and climbing activity in rats whereas enriched rearing decreased immobility and increased swimming and climbing [3]. However, some studies found no effect of rearing condition on rats' FST behaviors [13,20,30].…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enduring effects of post-weaning rearing condition on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and motor activity in male rats

Mosaferi

Babri

Ebrahimi

et al. 2015

Physiology & Behavior

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Section: Open-field Activitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enduring effects of post-weaning rearing condition on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and motor activity in male rats

Mosaferi

Babri

Ebrahimi

et al. 2015

Physiology & Behavior

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“…This appears to be in contrast with the findings of most studies on EE [15], [66]–[70]. However, there are also EE studies that have reported cognitive improvements without any changes in hippocampal BDNF levels [5], [53], [71]–[74], implicating that hippocampal BDNF is not essential for the observed cognition improvement found in EE animals. Of note, discrepancies between EE studies in morphological and biochemical effects can be caused by a variety of factors, such as; exercise level, strain, age, strain, EE protocols and differences in species of the animals involved in the studies [75].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

PDE5 Inhibition Improves Object Memory in Standard Housed Rats but Not in Rats Housed in an Enriched Environment: Implications for Memory Models?

et al. 2014

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Drug effects are usually evaluated in animals housed under maximally standardized conditions. However, it is assumed that an enriched environment (EE) more closely resembles human conditions as compared to maximally standardized laboratory conditions. In the present study, we examined the acute cognition enhancing effects of vardenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, which stimulates protein kinase G/CREB signaling in cells, in three different groups of male Wistar rats tested in an object recognition task (ORT). Rats were either housed solitarily (SOL) or socially (SOC) under standard conditions, or socially in an EE. Although EE animals remembered object information longer in the vehicle condition, vardenafil only improved object memory in SOL and SOC animals. While EE animals had a heavier dorsal hippocampus, we found no differences between experimental groups in total cell numbers in the dentate gyrus, CA2–3 or CA1. Neither were there any differences in markers for pre- and postsynaptic density. No changes in PDE5 mRNA- and protein expression levels were observed. Basal pCREB levels were increased in EE rats only, whereas β-catenin was not affected, suggesting specific activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathway and not the AKT pathway. A possible explanation for the inefficacy of vardenafil could be that CREB signaling is already optimally stimulated in the hippocampus of EE rats. Since previous data has shown that acute PDE5 inhibition does not improve memory performance in humans, the use of EE animals could be considered as a more valid model for testing cognition enhancing drugs.

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“…Exposing laboratory animals to physical or social stimulation greater than they would receive under standard housing conditions either had no effect on immobility [36,85] or had an antidepressant-like effect (Table 2). …”

Section: Preconditioning and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing behavior in the forced swim test

Bogdanova

Kanekar

D’Anci

et al. 2013

Physiology & Behavior

346

216

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The forced swim test (FST) is a behavioral test in rodents which was developed in 1978 by Porsolt and colleagues as a model for predicting the clinical efficacy of antidepressant drugs. A modified version of the FST added the classification of active behaviors into swimming and climbing, in order to facilitate the differentiation between serotonergic and noradrenergic classes of antidepressant drugs. The FST is now widely used in basic research and the pharmaceutical screening of potential antidepressant treatments. It is also one of the most commonly used tests to assess depressive-like behavior in animal models. Despite the simplicity and sensitivity of the FST procedure, important differences even in baseline immobility rates have been reported between different groups, which complicate the comparison of results across studies. In spite of several methodological papers and reviews published on the FST, the need still exists for clarification of factors which can influence the procedure. While most recent reviews have focused on antidepressant effects observed with the FST, this one considers the methodological aspects of the procedure, aiming to summarize issues beyond antidepressant action in the FST. The previously published literature is analyzed for factors which are known to influence animal behavior in the FST. These include biological factors, such as strain, age, body weight, gender and individual differences between animals; influence of preconditioning before the FST: handling, social isolation or enriched environment, food manipulations, various kinds of stress, endocrine manipulations and surgery; schedule and routes of treatment, dosage and type of the drugs as well as experimental design and laboratory environmental effects. Consideration of these factors in planning experiments may result in more consistent FST results.

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Effect of early life housing manipulation on baseline and drug-induced behavioural responses on neurochemistry in the male rat

Cited by 21 publications

References 70 publications

Enduring effects of post-weaning rearing condition on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and motor activity in male rats

Enduring effects of post-weaning rearing condition on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and motor activity in male rats

PDE5 Inhibition Improves Object Memory in Standard Housed Rats but Not in Rats Housed in an Enriched Environment: Implications for Memory Models?

Factors influencing behavior in the forced swim test

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