Effect of early and later colony housing on oral ingestion of morphine in rats

Alexander, Bruce; Beyerstein, Barry L.; Hadaway, Patricia F.; Coambs, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(81)90211-2

Cited by 215 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…When cocaine-addicted rats are moved into an 'environmentally enriched' condition, they stop self-administering cocaine (Solinas et al, 2008). Similarly, in the 'Rat Park' 5 experiments, rats do not self-administer morphine or cocaine even if it is provided in a tasty sugar solution (Alexander et al, 1978(Alexander et al, , 1981. In humans, a similar effect has been observed in studies on Vietnam War veterans who developed heroin addictions while in Vietnam.…”

Section: Relational Aspects Of Choicesupporting

confidence: 52%

Towards a ‘Sociorelational’ Approach to Conceptualizing and Managing Addiction

Eijk

Uusitalo

2016

Public Health Ethics

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This article looks at how and why addiction should be understood as a 'sociorelational' (social and relational) disorder, and what this implies on a policy level in terms of the treatment and prevention of addiction. In light of scientific research, we argue that the neurobiological changes that underlie addiction are heavily influenced by sociorelational processes. We thereby advocate for a conceptual approach in which autonomy in addiction is a sociorelational concept, and social environments are considered autonomy undermining or autonomy promoting. We then discuss the various implications this should have on policies.

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Section: Relational Aspects Of Choicesupporting

confidence: 52%

Towards a ‘Sociorelational’ Approach to Conceptualizing and Managing Addiction

Eijk

Uusitalo

2016

Public Health Ethics

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“…Concentration of the quinine control (0.06 mg/ml) for the MHC1 solution was chosen, based on previous studies (Alexander et al 1981), to be of equal bitterness to a 0.3 mg/ml solution of MHC1. For etonitazene phases, the concentration of the quinine control (0.06 l~g/ml) was chosen which, in a pre-test, human subjects rated equal to the barely perceptible bitterness of a 0.3 lag/ml solution of etonitazene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of taste factors and gender to opioid preference in C57BL and DBA mice

1988

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C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains have been characterized as morphine preferrers and avoiders, respectively (Horowitz et al. 1977). Previously, sweetened morphine solutions were presented with a water alternative, primarily with male subjects. Because sweetness may affect the endogenous opioid system and rodents have shown strain and sex differences in taste preferences, this study looked for strain- and gender-related taste preferences that might have affected opiate consumption. Preference for sweetened and unsweetened morphine and etonitazene was compared across gender and strain. In all choice tests, the control was a similar tasting quinine sulphate solution. Under these conditions, C57BL/6J mice continued to show strong preference for morphine. However, DBA/2J mice drank approximately equal amounts of morphine and quinine solutions, rather than avoiding morphine as when water was the alternative. Both strains appeared surprisingly indifferent to the synthetic opioid etonitazene, compared because it is potent at concentrations having barely perceptible bitterness. This raises the possibility of unexpected differences in post-ingestional effects between morphine and etonitazene. Contrary to reports of gender differences in sweet preference in rats, none were found in either strain of mouse. Neither were there any significant sex differences in opiate preference in either strain. C57 mice preferred sweetness more than did DBA mice.

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“…Extinction is accelerated when constructive social activities offer an alternative to the expected reward. This was demonstrated in an experiment on addiction (Alexander et al 1981), in which one group of rats were placed in solitary cages, and another was placed in a rat commune with recreational activities called Rat Park. Both groups were given access to morphine-laced water and plain water.…”

Section: Reward-seeking Responses To Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Loss of Autonomy in Abused Persons: Psychological, Moral, and Legal Dimensions

Ciurria

2018

Humanities

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This paper tries to resolve a tension in popular conceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV). On the one hand, we correctly assume that all abused persons are not the same: they have irreducibly plural personalities. On the other hand, we correctly assume that abused persons suffer from a loss of autonomy. The puzzle is: if abused persons share deficits in autonomy, why does it not follow that they share a set of personality traits? I argue that the psychological states implicated in autonomy-impairment in abused persons are situation-sensitive responses to salient eliciting conditions, not personality traits. This view has substantive moral and legal implications, as it implies that abusers are responsible for inflicting severe moral harms on victim-survivors, and they may also be liable for unlawful abduction and rape, in case the abused person lives with or has sexual contact with the abuser. This is because the conditions of abuse undermine the victim-survivor's ability to autonomously consent to cohabitation and sexual contact with the abuser. I argue that the best way of protecting people from autonomy-undermining abuse is public education.

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Effect of early and later colony housing on oral ingestion of morphine in rats

Cited by 215 publications

References 15 publications

Towards a ‘Sociorelational’ Approach to Conceptualizing and Managing Addiction

Towards a ‘Sociorelational’ Approach to Conceptualizing and Managing Addiction

Contributions of taste factors and gender to opioid preference in C57BL and DBA mice

The Loss of Autonomy in Abused Persons: Psychological, Moral, and Legal Dimensions

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